Problemele Stiintelor Sociale 1951 - [PDF Document] (2024)

ACADIlIIA R!PIIB!ICI] POPIJLATE ltOiI,{NE

STINTELOHSOIH,H

PROBtHffiM

IN DESBATEREA ACADEI{IEI R. P. R.(21 25 MARTI E 1051)

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PROBLEMELE$TIINTELOR SOCIALE

,ACADDMIEI R. P R.tN DF"SBATEREA

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PUBLICNM IN ^CST

VOTUM UR TTOARBLE COMUNICTru

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rnb tu R pudt' Pqdo tuand Gas,n-Ian.A.tirtdet p. btuhnt slblcbbk, h 3tulM .oBtttil b@,t

A6d nttn PtoJ P. CONSTANrtNEs.ora$rInpo'tulo hsd t ita4 sor.t.r@ fl datrtuna d trlrlu$tntrli a aad,nhl R. P. R. kac, 1& -10t)t

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Nl,ierirtisfrd dirleclic ri natcrirrlmd idoric au ptuvo.a! oschlrD-'

c niidrt nr mrcqrtia dspE rune 9i Icgite crrc srvaindzndclvol.iucr ci. dcvcnnrd cirana Ditcnrii ti r ,udei !eDi&r.rnsfoMe! r$rr lupr, jnldtriva taoriilor $ coD.eplijror buisllczccir. rn4sn!,i Li mi,rinalizeze, si lc despcald de mnliNtur lolr.vor4io!d, ln d;

ors de o snta si mrl nrnc dc ani, natcrirli5nd dirlcctic tiErt.hlh.s'ru in$ogllit Notiunile si netodele de @6

i r s,au innn4ft, 8,au 3da,,cit.'h nrnfur rra$i R*olutii

diirc.ric sj natdirrisfturui isbric, D iDI hr srli ti . griibiininul trrr8lom ilor ce urnN sn vinn l5inrrtrn'r l.ii r,cDin tisrrlin. r!r!r dc inriurjrc a n'teNlhnu]lt dirrecllc

ncontait. Legil"A dc d4vorbro, r.i.ribi sau prcdzrt sicniortio&1 xc.sdi indrnnnrii .ccslor lc5ilr,l.svdlalc a lo$ dhcc in.c naj tirc nEuriL:i.

t:, mr pas in aceasii diFcJie s r ficnl prin ludaF3 bvrritrrntirxirr, rrnrrricaii nr anur 1939 jjresre ,rdraridrte,nl dioecti. Fndla

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c+nln . int fixnli tcJrctjci, pra.lici 9t Do.ri .n .onsidenrilistarin a arirri ciiricn cdnlmdictij iirdnc, cn rdrtr

de desroltrle in nalnrt 9i si.t tcst!1 ri nn sti tE

lioncMi, se inbosucite, lormlch ii hnetnziunnc r(hi cdmztteulrornulclor ti onslu*tiu lor N| corcspuMiloar: noilor saFiniislorie.,. ilaisnut au a.llnite ldn 12 ti .ontnzii,n (biLe,.btut.notii tertturadte eta.iL ri peti.od.te. amsmt est duflnndo4xntui .Lqnoltun",), 3 sdh loraritul Stalii in risluNUl rdrcsiirov.rnsnlui }]orolov o prilcjnr disdtiurbr ivite in j!ru1 obienelorde ringvisiici.

ale tovunillur Strlin: .,cL r)ridre ta nlt]]sn n1tia,nislicv't,,,Cr pixn. Id utuIe Prabtdne d. tlkqnisticd!, ptetn si.,Fns'-t xn.rt tudi", r.prezinti o noln desvoltdc a nmismulutNoi rspc.le an 10*descolcritq n'i laiuri rl. hsr*isndui au rosl luniMte. ,{emla v.rjlt3 i' nod dic.cc ra cuto.Strer n3i adnnsn sind Freeki a ,thriiti societilii. lr siipanjria ti dirjjrr* leeitor des

Desvoltind vedeillc hi Mri:. E,.cL pntir. tt naflitn'lirins!tuii.d",

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talin nn nuDj cn I re:olat in ncd qcator lbblenele rud.nenlalDrle lineridtc! deterr;Dind o adcvtoti Evolutic i' aceadn etjirl.,dar , desvorid fr! de|]lnc

drdeclic st dlernlGmnl islolici inbosnJrndule 9i intdrrndu.le cnnoi 1ec ti mnclutuni Descht;nd n'i dtunnri loth cercter ttiinlillcnin toaie

, . t r-r1 .on.o-,A.r3 lo.ielnlii. supndncitrm esG icgatn deFroducrie in n3d jndi'rct, pl'lnint hedirl ba?ii. ,,Da@e@ sttlsttur to scric lovlrisul Sblnrnu .slhtd4te s.hinbdtn in nitetutdes"axaii futtelar d2 praductEdillJt.ndta { at..t,

'i .tusi tchrtbiin. ,!:rrccut. ir boi prtn rdsfta^-aie d schibtuibt nin pnductie in schinldtite ttih baain i). ToErngllsirrin aironiAt pe ,cei Felcorfxi

Al doiLr exc '/u snl hiD dcta noi. perhu nshidarc: ba,i vecbinra3,icrftuii, rurir im!.1rim ritntlitlor Doricrcrrj dln recul ,iimpotlive chirblrinii, .ire dislun inci dc nm{oase raFifjcatinni inDe

dlul rurdl. .ste da irlt luprr len1tu inpicdccana reveiirii rarirehiDaci snprrstruclDa i.rllln 3r alunea rE panl! unoi rlrludininrdilen* falii de h.u. b.zn, pe lrntl rnfirii pc picior t1ccsatitalc I dile.,itelor clrsd. ir tusmna de r,rt adopra.ca urciriitndini trnditoar irtidc cl!s! nucltoare si liir;i{imernurciroare,,ncnlnre dcsrrisit carm revenirii ri rgcncnrii vxliihoz.

lnrerneDe,lcen1a dinhe bain si surirasrmctun src o senDjrisatreslnDDorLrrF e{.trionrli nu rmai re(1ru U.R,S S. ir Frloadr dc h}jci sr tcnbx tirile dc demosrdc lopularn .aF robsird .xpelictrF rirrimind ajll!tuI seneras .l u.n. s.s.,cdnsrru.sc si iD$.escsDcirLisin. desvorrandi,, serasi lim!. sopnstucrlm ontohn ci.

Supnshlcilra, rrodrs i,, cursul cireia trnieqta si r.lioncazibozr e.omnici tuii insi nici.datn un rrodus lesivd brzei, nn dp ld.t3tut: compldur totar dc idel ir o'ceptti *istenth sccictdc nrh,orioi.adi dat4 .i ui ansanbtu de @rceltir, cu nrs1it!-liilasrc"Fuzitoarc. Da cnprinde rolc conerlii ri li,slitulii crreanrorur de rol.siirn rn r3D.rt c! brzr dari rtr ilonenrut in clresu!8.structun r r.st lichidatn, odaii cu hrzr ei pe caie a $Nit-oni inceteazi sn nri exhid ca un ansantlu de c.n.cpJii st t'N.!utii,dc 6rflrcn mu1l. elemerre car.cteristie dkpdr ti tcrrne si ithpadAlele insilot mnfira si exis'.e si Dai dcp3rre, inii inho rfti famiElc ]]ot

c\m se treziifi nNi problena stiiiiei ln llniM lnvitriiiu lorton{tu1n un lrhinonin t.rmamnl 9i durabrl al tliintei cae retreznnn

m . strd'.inurii n.i singlE ro,natiuni sciale. A&si prfi

moniu oglindcrtc rcalitaler 9i tlide si se apr.pie ncconlcnll derdertnlobierliv $n{jnirer F.ziti6 a +iinFi rdieli r fa!1clor tilegilor ve.

ri@-le in rEctici ed.e rczult.rnl uej tnense exp.ric4c tomubt,9j . luptd Penbu d.nptuiEi fo!

,Accas1n .xp.rierfi esle hdiere succcse]or cietisato dc om incu$!lcvolltiei lui F rure inblaizit.r d nltnrii.

hohlem! ontinuililii +iiitei.q li'dlriln itr &pe_tatc nduridc citre clasicii nrrismuld oD an Blblitrial mcsr prin

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,ti|. lti n tnt.t 4e'eo a.estuitncr .,u ta,t isbdi sn re.ottnrtrabt.tno1 r ntn ralctbd ,.b s sn lie o d.sNttate tanscientd dretaL.td P., , i dr;t ea te.d .tett in Tndilhrnile de arr a' . dinlal t d saci.ldtii,"4 ttin. sr.i.tdtii tatitun&on, sod.rriljirirocm,i.rr ctr artc cnvjnta' ' l ln3 ass cum slblinirzn knii inluchrer sa r{atai?,isn $ anl'ilrtit;srr. sn stji Jii ti insuscsti|;i Fi Dr.lncF7l ln nod ditic:esid, ( ri' i si ilii Ft inlniuribnrfirtcle lor rcacln'tNc si riii ri het, r L r,mlric $ s:i luptic! ljnjr inhelg;i s fdrlel.r si ch*lor crre ill

lfo,'rsul sidlli. ir lncriri,e srle cn privire h t nsnr inltnsYrs_t o. bi.tn1 in iod catcgoric ln.dcirilc de denrturrrc aiotiuilor

i, ! r)de la rapoiuriLe diniE evornlrc ai Ercluic, sunlinihd ?Dnod, .rt lih;, cDntintritatca succcsivittiea ir isiorie ades"lliJj'

intnlcei si li bii.rr.l3 onnl nolitlc at pnni h.r t caftco'shuctic socidlGhll 9l

,, rr,iuul, dela silenl clollit ii riiinitt dc !ia!ii Dnnt hclechor 3viof_ ru .d{L dal3 d^5cooeJi.pii,

I r 1 roc;6; runql si neintrenpti .are sdiort Accstnatrinonin"

l,rjri de eislenls fietiri o! de d*voltatr socictitrlor' ttedc!' ",'

,, **.iu r. ut;t-. "t "r delindc

de noile rclrljunl ci$tc intEi J . iE socictalea socirListi. insocici.te. comunisll'

'"rrilul Srrlin r desvilnit esenls anlifrdxjsti a rqr zlselt'orili""'"i

-*"*" *i,- @," IJ I m +irl"g"d;is-.", ,, ...*..,;*.r sar..-un"r':Nen::artd^s, r" ., ,",i"r" .rnrui cd istorie soci.titii siis1c.i. rioForiero'

', r:i |c .Ie tohiseln liniaittil n.ri-sti I rost inchiii aahvr-, , :ullin si ori.c riiiicirc ti li exclusl.

r)ri cstc fant neindoic c cn eistn !r lririnontu p*rnrnc'i ll,i

'r, jLl ltiinlci, in *rrinn, ,lirectlunca carcctiirilortriinttrko rl ors'.,.. rd;,r sicciiirl nnfril nr fl,ndllll

dh lult i de cl6n. Fdnatiurea sccjatij clsa doni.aitn care sesr.tjrni pe o rnumiti ben cconDnisn schvryisin, ieudat4 ..Ffta]isli-a d.ioDinat dircctinnea ce eedrc sriiiriicnr tur

z'ro3a. Ac rr4 inbi'xr's} F.".ur ir fo.,

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d,Ec' u- ! ^. us.rn fost p3fleotrl! nrlnlurati si chiartrasjnati

-{_e s,au plnEour lnch_.jle dcrr carileu ti ciordnno Brlrn. pennlr J.lio{hric.sdfe to 3sce.o- c.1,

-rc%.. , .. r, rFo,jbrzr. B!.ghera a r.jltai d6rouaFa srinrictorDozjriva nr ve:cut srxvn ba. canil crasa .lF1oa1rLr.e sc aftn indedtn, direclia n. care e3

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"/1 i r. r' 1-, ida.ttr .omol.gio. weisnannisn Dorssnisnul inereditsie,JD flzi.i, eic. 6dinta, itr Frire c.pftatGrs. esrcsub.rdoirtn .Dnceltjilo.frdcisr.9l tite,Istc crie ru inliicraler sra ilcvciit er ihsisi c.mrltuo inrtiune' dc distrugere llinnjri d.das s1nr,anitar rr lnrjb caplrLljlte, nu imal lilosofir, ktoria.stjinlete econ.nice sunt srbj .harercsior encptiuni ir tuntfttsiricare da. si sriinlerc i'turii fjzllr.chihir, bioloFa,geolosra. led.r.gia _ $ni lhpin& pc dtun g&rt!

suh prsiniea oncurentci bu.shstr a fost .on'haDsi sidesorrertiinlerc..rnrii, dsaftcc rirl acssle., ea nr Frrca siitdcsv.ltc nro-duclta si t hniB. Dar N.rru I noiiDe nasscle in sbB d.sct'dc spi-ritusE burghezr! a c.nsbibs Fe orm.r de diinti sn devnrnlmlovtduibnt orenlelor ccror nai rtxurde. uncort de r dre_DrllcrimnBrc. $riuri.oriii cn tu u.s.A. ?zi. .r 9l in ccnanrr t te siide ieri .dcertrih iliibflricc sDt dirij?ite de sutr(ut si dicile nirarc. relrzcnt?iie

car firn rtctun *rullr tef3.e tunr,rice rn rcriuner lorsciuciqiit.rr..

fnrii ctrsc sxu tibcri dc ctae r)lhgonlsie..fernpo3ibiliii|depljiesine]jDitatDdcds'o]trr.side

!'xenrld u.iunii sori.ticc nc sii in trli lcr a tnce:ur s:Lstiilltr.e4ci viu sensul prorlid lDrnist al rtiirtei si sr tr"cizard.liniltvdtftciir ci da deflortaF. Accasia cstc dn.cclir sriinJeisi ni Ir re cu

!,ncii li a lm$esutni.. r)iiru'si dD !i puGhic gulclt onbdiv. Eaa& de lulr't ele

,: Lr'. '!xct(i,!re din Fln prch qi c! iap3riltisfranslo.Mericar,f,

' ,, rr oFului ii al o cnirii Nu r sunpd niminui, de sisur,riiiuip.oiti lnnn b ?.Fcrsilall, I rcpr.z.nbDrdlul

s ,{ l. o N.u., dulir cE sa loi.i ii conditiunilc siiuG dcollr.I | :ii d. sirdre e on(iintelDr -

dcclahrca chnfi d.noorre cd !rI'L r-mr rrrn.lionai. ol r nuuunillui Dutrcz4 Fenrnci a ajutal,, ni irripiu!$ci nu nunri . n.galitrte$i o redirplrlc .i sr . n.nr uritrre. o lna 6nh. trnaritnti.

'' , D.d i.r,-.. n,rrz:lsci icmclia onstruclici socirrcte.

rirhs noi d$hrDi dc cbrn in stujbirln,nrilor de pssre h.ra,!.Ae$rr c.rc din !$tea o{denir.r da _BliinFi,:rrisip3lri.lisiltieqtdr dd visnenti. Drci srlgisi oan.ni deL i: Li'r c're rr nrsbiiDain falosul unel Ntc.i dqman. s..du] dc frbi-

sars anoliorarii tninhi e]3r ce nnncesdr trri, .i in mhai cn 3rc.nrrjlul ]a gun,lzirca h?oi ec.n iicc, d ar

.,l.runi rnrisi ai cl,sai ?r.ror.re ii.i pah.iol NaslE. Drcn 3.rsi.r-iioo.r.gi car. ar ris/indi gandr.ur de Col.radD peilfudlstn,g.r cur.

id de ca*oflL iF cun N iiht Aneri4nii ir Repunlhaclrrostovrci',

j I s 3r cisi bacroriolosl .rrc ar

o rlrn deLnrlie licn Ceslul de des inlll',itt in mr resttujlestiinrii r icl. noi este conceD!tu l'lealisti i,! irndpreirrerlcnonencl.r\!.Ntn clnrr4ie s n.ial'rette nsi des doEeniul irn4ebrrilcsorico

entn 9i in doDieDill ttin,ilor nrtrii.ostili ldeilGmllui sitidcisnuldi. lanlo

.itt : 'D@d od.tdrt1l ol,t dr', aristii ti irttnl.ro nahrdc atrelt'Ntdr.r.d ext.ti.drd.tin ery.ddla onuhti s rN sirtr'? cqabit?sd ne.]ea

t,t. \^rt aba.tiD, ui|e |tieisn ?ste iatdtntot ldtd n tdr."rnir.iebt.3 cililalisti, ..menii de slLlnln iurghezi ar d.nattrnt

' l,.sor rdevnEtul sens rl nr lor desoperir' stitnillke snbnrrhcntr rl.sir u redctiunil, i clrsclor doninrnte, uii o'freni deedbli .! rre

,l fxi crlhmul ti ficeisnrl. .nssiccnndu'le .descr in cels nrir.lDrorscicalitunlut ptrtdnrc, l fost silit si ioc!

trli lltcrc. dunnez.jasci c. r,.r.r .l cFrliei,i.i ,xr!, Ndurxreshiurn cdr ar nr ci cvdrli. rii',1.h v!('it,'ar. cstc o lqr. rmfurlt chlmrFl"r

r-jebig, crre a dat o brzn,ciiidlLrjce nuhitiei mincrrtc dptanieror, nrrF.netlc lui Dum.czeu cn I a .jutrt si frce lscasindescoperifa Fidehnui3xu la imDiedccrl sidea anpl!,are f3lrclorcxlerinidnialc izrrate Fe or

tucn rn lisr .us tjbc. rsDsror cDnlepJii, rn dmoisrra cn,devntulobie.tiv tu *jsri ri rn ,leschide drunnt lornDlNo.ganjzsidricc dere&iiunil Nua c.o.oniicir a scicliliisr.irhslc rr ti pernancnr sdrun.nBii. irr s,prrslrtrct"r! sr rnrdcinetrir rr m ar creilc Fen1ru a sruji

Dr aci. r.zulr-r.e D sfciniimpo*atrli ltnrrn Acacedi,nepnrrriciiPnlutr,e n.min de I

zi rrit la,oicailri in au. lrn.ti, n3trhs prii ltici simrtemsijci. La noi, accste d.uil iliinte nn an rcosii pdnir.on stsi co'slruirscn rundrn

la.n cu ailtm.i ulr. cu.ai rr ro]osi nai nrlt exp{ienF ti,icoi9,n.rc_.naticr ta noi nr ]ruGriic liiiftnla de

s]rirftur rnet:rric dlniaanr ir tirne .ccidcnrrta, iii de lndefizicieniisi n,?tefratici. i n.srri

"! Lrai nrfitirDru rrri nuu d.c in atle disci,rlirF, ji riziciri mrtcnrtici *zn1.nta merarizi.ii este m.i purcnicn;ieidltr!, dc rsdrdiciis n.teriililrter lunii e n riies1n ucori liiiis

un riziciatr, P4rt/rnil Euseu. in hcai sa rsro,.j, Iro3oli.ra*,-ddtlr., alihn cn ieorii rctrlivErtit8rc sbrrantiarn. Dupintrstl, nr

lirle. ci nuDri un prccden conod dc sru..t ^r br I,i.1.

re-Dut.li. n, hner din occldcrt. cai.

Bt. ! ctudinli c.rc se iirinetrc la f.ore utii oancri d4 iiii'rFcihrtcnrticn .st. iccit.n cu rlii4a iNisi. Dlcii acdst.' conccdie.r fr8dEill j'xli ar i'&nlx ca i(ircqra siii i jnct'rs!!narcnrliF.te. sd 6c

rrb.t. r.sic. inchis ir she, in !r r e{dienlcium rc. Dxcirrc.r(i corcclrie r. ti in$L1iri. sp.crxccrul sriiltei ,r ti *.1nnde ., !n si d: siirc: o tizici trDivcrsrri, ldenlici cn ododrint

in ealtn tr un shten desur iendirtc:i s. fiicut iiccrcnri d! xtucc sn

]liirun,ln r.ci*t c.r.Drtie: dh, cun os rnesc, clc ntr:n rcrsjt.Nu ar.or.it ij: uniurc. soristici. drr

rlri!nati.r a rcn dcrnriii dc Erisels ca riird iiiinr! fondorsprri't'I runea reati cor.DFuri ir t ltrl a.esto,

itn o lrrta iniegrsn1n a cntroqd.rii rcrltr rii oln.a*ercam,tmaiicn ire. bincinFtcs, !.'liculari6tite ci caracic.iLicc si sedecsct ste ir hljtcFrivinh da cercerarea re.u6!ii cu hijloi( r:c.r!rr3li. rriinF ale iarn iI cii .r un crrrcter. ecun njri trtransamllu de remncne, dii posibilillrcr cerceinrii mcsrora jn scritir)rn'n'i:l*cele natcmitice rlaten.iidesre dera.r de I avea uncauc

o,tiirti pe $E ltmrajul o rimircazn;i oj rilrii"ci:i de lum.r pe$E nornnrrtismul o i(rnjurc dc contr.lurInNr'c! rcalitatcr Ea nuarcun enpireurtcir djnccto de spariulrnin.rr n.rn'l ci cate concret!i v. fi @ riai nai f{und penha mnosrrcrefl (!i va fi r.idesbirlid. nerafizici ri ri !a ansi ipricaiii rn 6le nriJ r$irc stin'ie arenitnrii si ti rehni.i. rrarmarica nu 8ic nnnri uh

atu.it ci esie i nn iisttuneDr pulenic[ \tru *npadrca ai. Estechr ci nodll de jntren nFre,.cestui jnsrru-Ddr delinde, ,rerenans', dc srructnra socieinJii. rn @ndi_tiun,lc soci4rr-1iicxritallsrc, instnn4rlt narersltc se46te nrbEsoleexpL.trrorirori

. xJatnb ror Ir rtrroin. In mn{ritiunile societnlii sociarkte,er sene:tcrrnrrsclc jntregrbi popor. avm Dalcm2li.ieni de naievrlolF, de rc.Itrtxiie nondirli, 31r cnmr .pre sunt nn*fia in.lelor1.r ijNlrin grrjl aerslr, htturia rotsilialului deilof arrr.Forntni h.slru. rn f.zai i crre ia gidnj md.haricr irebue snpriicipc .f.ctiv ts intnrira raTetrr,nomice sochlisie ii asuprari'?t si pi-tNnd;i coivincerca cn, cd iorre ci nalem,ricastudirz; I.no_rndc sprlirle ri legjlc crntuatlve generatc, er est.rj o _sriinti .rrerrDdiizn mtum, fiinrl o lirrc a gtlinFlornarurii, o rtiint, a crrli noliuMrfrtiarn r forr truu din luneaexi.riod4 o 5rlnti care re ,l u ca.n.rd kr.ric Notinn d smtlarendcnrrice s'u rormar c,. d,$cjn!ntr d d indelungat Foccs d'acsvolr.re s stiinlei ti lracticei oheneJlt si in

cu ne$ul rst ic rr sliint.i du!: r.giro,Nunsi a Nmened chcepliehateintktd, tta\.

rtc rt, ctut hdtendti@i sNne Vinogadov -

aqi don arir ii c" ?r,.rr:\t .i si cn kn.sire( ci in stuiha rcticei .ne1arti.i saxiatIte :i nttrtttii ttNrtdte sprc co,m en,.DinFotini rc.Irgin not, inrerFet.Fi,Lirirr dialecliceinrtcriotiste, r origjnii ii desrcliiiiii i 14. izr.rftn din sindiD3ata

nct iDiiisl nr ip.rczc. cu sdrri.j.rrcr! [r$iiismu]li rjcanzrtitntji in lnnca ti7i.i, crc., sunt nmeh lnosorjlori rxmlril.rdc siiinrn lrnrgr.zi r4ctlonrri, care rac dio riii43 r.f

. $rxuilr Pmg'cFurui siinrleiJtrtn' r srtrsticc cdr"li.r0 riilcror nrtdrri et rerfrc{t, eslf ne.*

oderD. si se dcsv,iie R P R sinulbn.ca un rit inhcg, sbnns lesaLhir. clc.

Icoasiii siDultincilale ri unilatc in desvlxarc erllicitrogresui rctnrccut 3r fr.ftnatiei lD u. R. s. s., unitc teorjacelor nai nutre .!roxi-nrln a lu] ccbitev re splic.liurilniin*s.olnrilor x sisit o 8llicarc hli in iziea teoNticni t-"oiiafnncliilor dc. vrrirtj[ conl]*n rcp.czind bsza ponrtusiudiul.onllnuc, !u harc inlorran,tn psl|n aNnite donEnii (tennicn,aero 9llidrodilanici. et.). chkr c.l mai sbstrEt din$e donenillenatnrrie(|,):im nalcmtiiri) t snsit in U, R. S, S. aplicltiurl in[emailprotected]. sunl'nrtiej, tcleneanicci rr rlc lehniei crlcululnic! !iI.stilulul de Iaro icn ,J. A stedo: al Amdemiei delriitrlc diD u.n. s. s, Itslitutxl dc Mrtenrricn d

^6dc' ei R.P Rt.chtrc n.rErar st uhir$scn desvoli"r.i tuntormFuibr din n.1emaikr con1enp.r.ni, drr in lceeati nrxuri lehue snd8 im!. anticurcniri refraticoi aplit.re. h lNiiluhl dc ilatndicn,,v. ,^. Selo!a Lst oElniz'tn . se4ic !r.1m ealcllul neanic,lnzcstratt cu rD9inide cxlcul. s'an e]!bom! net dc d alioxiDatiepnbu pmblmele l^ liniltale liri.ci natcn31i.e. d .idonl dsinilor&tomtD ce calcL'l -{n losirlrl):nle n.l.ds FcD1tu $lulir reanmcdci n eoalina dilottialeobis dle Sd cteculat lndiri

'aste de izhclc de ranclilni, r. Iccasl5

. lmrjedcctl ! c,hJordorii l*$|lttrldi si exmr. D sA{"'hriiiNilr-ica r!:rdamcntal.. Dinpoldvi.

Sc.rl, nxtcmdlici $vjoticit D .slc o scoah iDchisii, rz.)a',n.Erjnti nillc ii zccile dc njl de r)rotcsori itc n'iessrcn 3ncrc.scn raBlei.u prosr. l triint.i, Dnine*. roNtrn s-.o!le natcmftnl).at aili t'Fa ericiici ti tn rcerslii Fivinti nn 4enllu bD

cea cs e slns &spE nrto^li.i s porl slbc ai dprefiz'o6tiizrs f.atc d.schid. d rumch$ rr4i lhtrn inmlmretoneltiilrrc4ri81e, nn6ri mints,i.'ur, dar u,eori inrenllohal

.h a/J-t. La tne&si t $rie L v. Stalin -

.dt. tdli'tu.tt.l.sibititat! dnae,teni h.itii i ( t litu ci,.aft nn d.112 in otdti.itntc( tunaftinklar n dnE, cate tu rc.Maatteanctnnl obqctiD

'

1i', d. pmcii.n. codbntiDd leoriile g.e9iie .rre neagilnsemnntriea rire

,lracrim aste snr.iaor.t'u.0|}d:i (lsr:tlce) jN n noi nlentldnilxtsotitiitii, .i i pe neh ne t li eaiitrted ^e

devini rl dn.,rtterii luDii inconjuritifre de citrc .ni .du6onitndea cxaclnilii inlxr.jur da cnnorncrc, aliit in procBulpraclicei $ciale si rl productici,sat iii in desrn:.unrta hptci deelrsi si in cxperinentarc? lrnrliricn.

cunorierea rdpti do rclicn osta inevitrbil rrlicrca si lilsitnde

i:itrldi n.shu si ai Parridnlni tui Insrunderer ,{nbu justrcunoalieE,!i trrnsforhaE a societitii tl r nd! iIcest nnrat tmcesdc 1lrnsromar . atins un FDct firi pre.cdent 13exisicrtr p.pdrluinNtru Fi ar ss s! jtnn !e uno,ttcr.a ttiin$rici,

lnrnentul istoric d. transr.lnaic a .aluril rj sociern9ii inRellbli.tPotn rrnnonnni

'nlune *in{ei noastr. sn sc odenteze pc dtumul strans.i cilcsilxt cu !ra.ti3r.nu,laid'italm slinrtipndici asisuri proErtsulcunoa9icrli, rio8 e

I riiinlci. litrn h hcarila Ka naj ininn. Nnhai unit3ieattililnlrrc-iici aFli po!.rul ntrncitor slsi idnrcasct rctivitalRnai.rtrli dc pm-ddsn., sn int..8sci b8za ec.nonicn nrbrialt, sjFrf*lionczc reiilijr.dirnrc oanDni nr lroesrl lialii ssbuctlrecorcspnnzntta' b3zei s.cirlist..

Slijntx in Re.Fnblicx Popubrn R.ninir 3. gns.rle h .cotiturn,iirtili.e tu

^crd.ii3 nerrur'!icii

lxrc lrisirc dta &fi tu xc.e! scns, lf r]trl ds ldctu p*rnulDrpi rilar re car ie. d:r Uninnm sodetlci, tilinlx iorsllnbebuc

sii ri'de cu t.1ic lntell. ei ccononii natioulll si !rcsrcsulciviliz4ieiuriind rildr Academicj dc itiinle din UDiunerncpnbllcilrr so.irlisl.Sovicii... AcrCcnii repulrli.ii PoFlsraRoniine trhue sasi clgsnizaz.rrosmnnl de frnci in ln lcl, nrni o.enii d. stiinlii sn dedni nnriitDi in:!r icr.le fa,.rie alosctiliunui. A luplr l.ntn ablnde,rlrDici r socjarisrnlui ins.annn rlupla

poritu tduDf'n srinl.i

rhrsBmul dc luh al -{cadenicl a fosr supN unet Evral.iiottlo

'r itrirtul sp.i.irii si rdn"cirii adi'ititri sliin9ifice 'n

ksitun cu nc6., i. 1ir. v::tii pm.tie. rlela nat.nalicn 9i fitofig pdnn ta agD)1mror !?rtxDtii $etir lrrcriccj lcirn r 3v.rsisnBnF rotudirrii cero! dt

de s cnror redlvrs delnde inttdh! b8at e6no.rlcsramnl Ac.denieiR. P. r,. acordn o atentio dtuebni

'lud lorr' I he, siudiiLr agionontc, s Fenin a 'jrta cr prtn' ,$ti tehhici, !n se dc lne ihdnslrid 9i agridl.D eciarisl:l, sns.

' , uiintusci irarca sanitail r

r,a nnomiie, r..gnnutli !e 1951 an linft sernr tn s!4tal d.i 'lriiu le e rerin tliinlei ti rchdcei di| rrrnxl de Stei !e cinctel

rncoryohrm oancnit r de ttrtnli in cbttElui Msr-a pr'n dc lunsiddari ri : E

, i" r;i ru insgir invilituile rli MD.Engels-rf n slaliq ci side @ri r. .itrstit si dii sinlineft p.trioiis, irii.sc bansfomntlopo c$! i.a Funcft!.r tc nfipruqre.*iintilicn jtr EeptrbtLca Pop arnno

r:r.'. etipn d cotiturn, cbpii dc grandio$a crBaliuni tlrinticc, rcE, r lrltinti sn l'rrin crtrc n i de spialitti in lortetuumc. lrr

t] ! i o,n in uiiune. soviericn. Aedemin dc sriinlc, umrndin,licatsuiL, L .tnie tu prni& Ia tudnicia trnitilii djntretsri ii lr*ticn 9l l' blnlI I diei in dcsrorhrc. , sen dor$ Isliinlei, . gidt nor tr bo$ie iwof.!., nlie stiinlifici 1ot astrclii

^clddir Rpullicii ?.!!llF RondD6,i, va desoperi nDi 6ue d.Nr!i-- qti]n'

" ii,si r,siru i.

i r' r. in hgilfi cu onsttucld $cjalisnnrut. onbitnlnit laint!f,rH| -

si suprxslD.tlrii *estci3..riricind iond de ripsn d. nodcsrie,d. tnndrrosenie si de fossnli,

uh si ierdirlele reveistr nrnifesbrdI raiistr lcvartsnl Stalinscrle:. or 1i Enq.ts u lo:t nllt nai odefi: ei mnsrt&Lu cnNtu

't t^ nt bt ni6bcti. 6te ptutlnsd ddDattdtii ,riinteto\ ,ntusiD111b.,r. nit petiaada rec.tu A!t

slnrxlarca r@slor sciccri ne dn initmnul sn ltrdin pmltu 8tarl,stiintn, a tndinietor de sinsr arizue,

tr rrMarlrc su de d.spotisn. crre 3c nrnifa*n nn{rr ti suir6oul

Pqo-L.M' r ' $arYlrr o,. 6ocsocicdtir calriart3.e tin h.ftur, oriDi:i9i a Dmr

iinpNi ce ntr d noi rvenr.Itr relatate rthdu , tovarisul S1rli.r 3d.is ii r vorbit desFe pro

rrrcm. desv.tiiiii tiiinlei, . indtcat cnne r@stei desvoltiri, aidnnrrIn nltinele sal tufirl pllvitoare la harytdn jn lhglislicd,rovarisulsialij ru nDat ci a inanat mlr biie !c oancnii de sljinJnso .tici

din lm* obieciivn si I

,,,..irirtr giihld ne hvaF Lwdtul Sirltn ru ie ?odle ,.snrlto titospeto ldrd luptd de a?inii, ttud nbdtdd taicn l)

Desvoltand re.sti rezi esenJi.ri ln evornlia s,oieriliisocjariste, bv.iisnl sLlin nrfimazi pc acer oanmr de gtlinti mDlind st s inchidt

sr dcrin! Doro]rollsii in domniul ror de rriinti si eren*rzn6tfel o alDosfert de getujrs r citjcel ii aut elttc.i

,Metad! ekatiui a dtaan d dis.utnhnol cbl sdtrdeszi regrc.rxillpreecdiiic 3l ncrdcDiei dc $tiinF din u.R s.sltebte sd dan d heta.hsisren4ttd a dssror/;rit rrir.t.i sod?tir. tnrcntiukte cteat.dterje bdI diric.i tibde, tunt t rcdnn nnp.tlia stnandtit, d tutinct ii spirkutni teetre^t in ?tiintd- In dsEnem sa,liise nMilestddeosebil.t .|ar ?tiaci )iut c.tzcru li trcdtat nt rtiiateiindiatatu sacialkte 1n epacd stuankfdt

u. R. s. s.,,suln Dro[]enelor de { .sofie, de arrii. dcbrorogie, de lrziologic, de gslogic ii acun de ll.grisd.n Aestcdisuliuht natr dat

'?.zultata bineftcnt are ndmi in u. R. s s. Ei*tnr 10r sc sihi.in tDalclirlrc din r,ho tt nai .l* in lirlle dc dmocE c pqruhrn.urx diriderre .'ic u rost nnrt desbihre c, lruejxl &stor dis|uni. nrn.lcst d! noiiriri, estc d6r ci orrce stll'tn se slrljinnpe o b.zn rir.soJi.id.rcminr1n. .ire ru rancul cj cste rfrcKr a ccrc $ I{4rc6 ii sst trta. ii runctiune dc un sis'(d s.cirl d.l. Ioaicne.ge s.! spre rdevnr sia spre tuls. In rces din ulnn cD er tup.ate li da loLs decitddei cord,m,,alc Ir rlcl'!. dar fijnr_se.vitinnhare cla6ei !rulet3riaturui. naloriti oancnilor de stjinFsovrenci. n.ri xvohlri * snvarssin cnnodtier stiinliri.li Dc 3cea.nn cde dc ni$te .n in u R. s sin anunite itjinie se Fredeazn lr.ruizun chirr a 6i!i,n'brni br.,^"- " dr..f r, d. rr!! r- -.,! ir. ;51'rar$i inpot E xnor ernr!"le $sterl si 1 lindecn pc cei cus s artt,qt

rr clr mli sc ri rim!,r h.ebur sn 3e .rgsiizeze ii F vororgrnrz.,,rr,L ilirl.liri llcadediel Rep!6licii P.pur'E Ronane,disculii .senini.

prr obieciivelor de alnN ri netodelo. d.rh al dire.itelortriinlc,

, r.neiiic cderirile ,riintei sovierice: si r atNru i4 ca siputenn fin bignt.rl de scant ri aricirirrle

!. itr dru dildiielor discipriie nr U. R. S. S., nr xnadisculilnil.r .n!rcn s.Jic. A.ce rea fo.ftqE a iNlielor inlilinlrtcllc rdrntel sovrelicci {'nri! dc nsnslFa tcncinrcn

.ctare si i" viF pracricn, inrtuie $u

F,,l6ind. dni lucr:ifile t.vsisrlui Sblin 3s!rm tni lonelor dcllnrrnici. nivnFiu le c se imrun ninlii oricntui on le +llnln. ftbudinbrniintln iein@id ludrnrlc in -{ca.lamir R. P. R. ri in t..teI'rsri

drn t?h noashd. schlnbul dc pnrerr ih chestiunile.Ljjtrtificc.c.ili.. ribei, nrm.aun sr fie o prrie inte9rn6 a nnncii sriin

Nin 3i si rs]rjlstu vederile cronale,li tuihilir infl&ntrldeologtet bdghe?c ri si ientiien sctivitaresiiiniilici l. ni inallnivcl de prticiFirlttrle. l-upta olinlilor jn FiinFr D.tezi crle.dcsvoriirii cclo! nai inilntnt jdcii r ingidui jucRarm,riiziriloroanennor de siiinln: va fic. si pmgtkze aeririle sliiltci.

inscmnrt? sarcini alc Acaitenjet Rcpublicjl Por rrc

trnml de drreul n. r cun.asle ce s'3 soisir cx*2 sriiiti rnxEifr lcnlnisnsrrlinismulul. aprtclEa ii pEctjc.riiitirici 3gnndirii ndxkl lrijnist strliiiste. in krb ntuble)nele dcln ordin.Slridari. !e ciE o wr depnx!'

I moii de 3ijrnli Fcnb! r si iisutl dii ce itr e lrij iemcinicinritrurilcfunlj. rczohdrri cu srcc$ , rlroblencror

s!dirliritl, dari rd. .r: silinrr sn 3jnr. l.

l3rtjcilo k ridicaiu mDdilinDilor d. vi.aui r celor! , i qdd4eiei si o,lrli! cr .exs

ci vr ri, r ri ciir ?' o.too,il,i n!irin tr

ciiori. la dearea unei inale conFtiinte erntenGli, ' unei i"li:mncellii- i,

-u'"" " -".- n- . mr'r $rri, ro '-:'ru'"t"li" ." i'-.tl ":

.. ** p"terc pc lunei orlcet de n'F r n dtn.".*".,''""."'*''+l"*' :"

-*t - , 'i"i ; ''r'' ne. r^ 'r- " ' paiou r,r , " -:, ri . ors !cu -4F b 'gn F 'd re",.i"

",r ar ':' ' ".;a. lrri.t; "ii si

p.l""t .n." -.todeh ite ccrcetsre 9i pFgftetle dnmul

nnei n.i inllorii a etiinicls trn,. r" .Uiun-.ro ,o"sx-s,d-

l^a,,"... '""a-ar t-abu 'od m'rqrdrl

.ur"r "i**'"*r st ;-**'-tt " *"I"id- din tredt inrnn'rtndcea emNtitue *rrtusi3 fo4crr retrograde care $ deromat ibtginc'

tt.l%p'olr'*.1--r"r'-' .u .r"t t":

"- ts

^qd-d i r4r'-4'0

'3:i'.. - -.t"r"'t t ";ru"*"

pror !e car. re triin rsi;zi acrdeni'i", ,,

", -*',- *-;kqituri ctr i:tur i rii , teL ln Frs iotclri

-

*t*-n; r-"":i'.lui St lin Dentru liindirer problenelor delin

; "

-,, "'.'

!u . mu.r 'i p d'.i o-".J.,r:'. c'z1Ii'- ul"ri

-i i. .."r"r' ..e'}"fi" .r r,t -ic scicntiricr', 1050 cu litlulri2iole'ii=i ';r,"r.l **" c.*r""ttl" "cestai ttur'sor

slnt ci in strt'lc Unii'i*i..

"e ". r"*'r'""

-", .'r prasilirea niritdn oamenii dc atiinF*"-"'"',,,r.-*+t,,..

-"r,':'r,--";r '. m1"t\ s-n- -d'"d' idoh'i';;ia. ; " ." ."' ".,.b, rdp ' m oF\1,;;;";,.",.., ,

'' r"e ti{ _,*i"-,*"" "a-..r

" ele .ere nai lroiund un.ahlettii"t" e"ta ii a"ia" F,oqu"utliei d tibertdlii *te $iinto tn stxjbd

tatn s clocn*. dotr' tahere: t@? r rncii denoc$sndust dc U R Ss, $i tceer s inpari3llsnulni'Iali !o,1tu @ sllin!' no&e.r:iiEbuc st lupte leitru

! ,.,s'ntr, du.And o lupti nc4u!nic.r. Jn conlrr rcrctilniji4dialisie,r !, ftr hr.brici rizt!i.!.. calilalistei .a h.buc snfis deci nililanriIi .r coDhrlt fir! soviire ps?udoriihl. b!.snut,iddlknal, nisiicis

, , r,soxr.niisnnl. all care pqrilcsc rcrenrt dc ls$ilneImpotdvlLrr r,ii $vit!.e si r ttilor c! denocrrlie lop'nart, lerttua'lnuPs'

Li ririu a bombei stcnlcc 9i a loBnclor hictedenc(tD dc rtiintn!e crrc poporul n.stru nur.itor il ere, est. c.r@r r rli n, sltrjbaad.vnrulL,i. cste annl cara isi lune e{oienta h slujta! fu(i I)..hucN el lupral,| i,ilcFcDdenla topodelor, paccl ond Cc +lijnF cilrcorc p.poruluarilo iilindc Lralele, 6te conbrtutul igilcnt lcnirubiufrful nsr I r rdcvituri pe crie nunri gtiinlr nanislleninisr's1tllnistn rjutnI r' descop.jr, ldtru lincle loloruluii.tteg.

Dir cde 'rnhta roz'n6 ci lersres toltrilulli stalin ,Ilrxiwll3kin*Ennbto istorici n! nuri rmrn d4-

, i,Lir cin to.t ranuril.. Cn . lre.izi e in adcvi. geni.lt,accstc in-,h d,iri sunl nn indrpt3r pentitr osaniz.rq nnnslitliinlnice in @leD i .liferite donenii dc ceretrrc.

ile tctiune,3 vabit in limr sidplid[ l.mi, pmprie luj Fili sn serrstittre spaiarisrlor in cleslinnil. se

nrre si dc aninnnt cl rlumir-notril. i$artsnld st,lnr. 6redcsolti Functul de tdeE nrnisl

^i L ir* r.rulri ri bcltli etiinlei iD ev.lntia s.cietilii,ilcs.rid o indsnj 1.lrciivn nn nnnsi o.nenilor dc gtiinlisoviclici, ci

dr it c. petuljndeni, penh!. frunci Ddnict, in ndnelesocialishllui.I unclc c.nunisnurur, ir run.lc nn.nitiiii.lr lu 3!e.re clas. nrieitoale dela )oi. mndusi de P'fridnr M'n

{i L.* Ronin, o ducc lenba con tuiFa s.cirlisnnlli inmnitiliunile! ,lrlurii prolctr&. n,rn$1un llrrns-dni Strlin oajrtt si crllrc*cir| !,1 si st n.arei nli releite lenhtconsolidarca

Ei rjuli in sceltsi lint si se plccizee mrul tliinlcirDrriindire!e 6r re tmsen dln crnmrtner rucdriror tov.ri,5nkrlxlil p,:iviiorr.h lingvGticit, s

! ).tri d? sliirti. li o nnnci n3i peisetemnta in insuijr.'mrrxisn tcri risDstahrisnlui. r l]daneni tminic al tliinlci, niilocsisxr ln d6mI rh{ legilor ddvolt:i i miniii ni societnlrir, rnn aderitutui ftcllDr r,lncitoirc i omcririi

IIII,I]I, Si INS]'TINI.TATI'.{. LUCIiARILOR LUI I- V. STALINCI'PRIVIR]I L-{ LINGV]STI$ PNNTNU

D]JSVOLTARIA ]IATDtIAI,ISiIULUI DIALECTICSI IIATDRIALISMULUIISTORIC

)I B. ]TITIN

l,e zi G tece dell publi.trer bdirilor lli L V, Siarin tulrivlre l3rr,bkrele lilgvisticai, apm iot rai cvldmtt ibens.ihtunn&ie 5 a@3-! r luc.nn. Ele

'0. lnscije o prgtnt de ru in tstnnl rtiln9oi ntrnsi

Dqrn cm se stic, mdt l&ri'i a.lc tui l. v. Stalin @Ntille uDluictcDtiiud in llsvisticr sovieucd. Ele dau o sobtt pFfuitinr*istn

rfuhtrmct niiurii locide a linllt, a s$ucturli tr elenenielo. elconpo.sr)r, I e de o pafto, ii dirl*tcte t rltorla,le rl jd8@neledj cldi, pe d.'lii lxltc. El snrrun uei dluce nlntcitoqe falselcconeptii o lrivn.r' li'rLn c supmslructurd, eu privlft l.,,caractaai de clmt' al hnbiirr[.^ncterizEzi ]egile inteme ded.svoltare a limbii, hodlficnrjb 4]er rrnlu. ln linbn i'i cuNldesvoltirii ist rie m unaE i lesiturilorr r. poFar.. Ir sriirtit,elc emderzt problenc cun erte acc$ r hrtrrulli dinhe limbn tipioduclid. dinlre limlrn 9i gandiE, !rcblcnc .lntd hD.rtanre cun.ste ac.e, a brzei linbllor rusd sl u.ralneani, cr..^t

$r iczrlr r.oEltc orern fin$ljliLf djn rcaie lirire a bui cdidcviimtrrLi'4iricn lcDrE nui.r lor sub tGte aspdtclc ci

sc Forts r.d.a d. pe lcum cdt de rodnicn .sic inriu ferhdiritf

Flor doelale iD u. R s. s., in firile de dcn.crilie popnhrn, inRepubliciPoFd3ri ChinezA Fi inb'u, nxn de rllc lili. Innctnl dcrcder. infi.liial dd iezele ei mmluiile lui I. v. sirlin a riuscaFt rechilor coic.priird$rlzriose 9i dosnelor stsit caE ad donnitnnui lrcnc tn In'3'i8ti.a $vietlci ti a ina]l8xrli r fa^ rodnici qibogrtn h r.,ulhle indcsvolts'ta rcestci foar.! inFrlrnie rmuri r-stiintei. Lucririle lni I v,stalin in prDblcnclc linsvisticei surla! o mtu jnrlu.ntn ,s!n sliinleilitr8aisriei in !ix'c de dmo.r4ielopul'rn. srlr nrauaF dirccd a scs.br rnderi a incepnr si sed*fntlre in ,&$e lnri o intensn 3c!n E tlc

atoriilolide'Ljstedet.lf.lurnuenFior teriei rli Mrrr carc exishnn, accrrti sliiifi in l,olonir. R.ndnia, Bllgrtu, Cdh.slofeia, ei!.De rscmena, a inceFft sn se d6rtqun o n,rensi mlncn poz ivn pcrrtuurudrl tcl*tnndirli dint& llDrrile dc clrc.t3r renirulimurir.8'uclnrit E'omd.ah r rimlii bhi'ne a rinbit u'sd., F.nrudcsrirui,&3 hsftu.iror fecurde care ru epop.rFle shre tinD dcfrrnt. secor..

Tsile d rlivb" lr ljrnbr. ddrclbtc de L v. $arin in 'nfimcleluenri,oD:titne . o innard 9i o amlln ileslaltare mj dqrr'le rconcelte]or

.il t yadlll slllitr Ja Mpit de a.este lloblme in i.r rosuIxcuvihpi dn se tiie, r. v. slllii r de${lbl reoria si proElmdtolre.

lls ln Frotlen. ,ariomln, ni, p.ntru ihtdi! orri in tiiinJzsocidii, a dnio delinilie clasjcn natiunii. .,Na|nlneo , sristovarLul slrliD ir7s13

-

4t . anuntdte stdbiLd .t an ne i, 'stafi.ette

tunstihlnd ,i@c a taar liintd rtc tnzt tu1runit6.1ii .te n hn,d. t.titdilt, tL rieatneturchica |i n fudttd lsihicn,.e sehaniljtii in cantbn&.4 ndttni..I. Shln,. orm rol 2. ed rusn,Fas 296')

onnerlte i'r a(rsli .lcfiDi-rjc. lrlr allrte-

srrrnnaTn iovdisul s1rlin njr tstc s iciell peltru dcflDircrna'ra lurt. nr rDsnhlul lor na dan o ita

irnilie .ompktn ri dddviii,tt s naliunii DrIi cufr ee eiic.easin dc'finilia a D.tiu,ii s iislnnal o nde drcdtrc I

-stiinlei M'iistl'ninisieijl a devcrii tenelia. baTr t{relici nniru rezorvar justi I raturorcelodrltc pmblehe lcga& dc pronenanaliondn, ldnru daborarel P'ffui rrrtidllnj E lFric in pnbldrnrlionarn. Din rcelsti d.rinilie analiunii Enrin cn cmmildial ddlirnbd .ne nad.lin ftn&1rn. n..,fl".9i ctucteti.tice ol2^otinii Bazi'd! t !. restn ddintlie r t"ldnii

1 D I, lxoa fted)

,r 1, ,!r sernr de inpodanla Fe care orre o llmbd unicn in vi41rti,,-riLihlilor si trrliuiilor, ne putefr d" sor d. munca i frdlvnrnri6n1, ,]tmcnlul dcsroltirli lifrbilf nslionrle, . desmltiriiutr.i culturi Drlio-ixr. tu fornl ii tu.ialG!. cr j.rd, Do .xie rinslirrt. ri orsanizrt o''{dul Bols.rjc in ftsinut sor'rclic.

!i,lsitater 9i caractlrul dnnDitor at .once-Dtiilor lui NrDrsuprr, rii, ir anlnc, imbr4 ri bii o slpr.srrdciurti, tcDri3 lujMrrr ctr

r limbir,, crau tidroLrrr[ nr rnpr_ d pn!,o + vcdr fo,rtc dsrrom impriiivr tL{riei bolslie asuprr mliliji,i, rrnliva lrirciFiilfdefinilni stlrnist. a r4iu i corc{iiilc tui Mrrr!r(, deci i"d.srord.u punctlldc redlD bolrcvic in rrobl.ra nrlio-nLri rf.icu:rid sau n,i ia,iu ac.rsti co rh adict ie di"ha t4ora hot:..lirii3n'!rr i.r,iuhii ti linslht! rii tnrir. si dlcn lovrrisnl slalin adcmls.i rdcnxi acun, tu .tdrrrri uDzi(e;i .onsvc4q mncorlinedinnito"r. dc tui nrr in donc.

nrge diNl drn &lc spus. mi ss, fintdI rqlt,iii incontestabjlresar ii c.Nrnisnutui jnI t s s. T.cmai rdnn, ctrd in fata tulurornolo.rlt.r djn uniuneaji \iijcn Jan d.schis .rizorluri roi sipcEreclive mnn.sta itr lesihr.:iifji ii limbire nationalc I rrirsin r.lrbti.ile sDl,i!1ia un inxlt nivll,

atn a li(grisrjccj deoircc rtulnrclca nrDn,i a aestoi mmdi a+in'tci sisl(nj1 o prjhrjdje ,rcDrru !.!sl,csutnj rbriqilo.soahric. i)r dohonill .ltturji. Tovrrisd stdi, are na.er.r ftisrodc cr a ri adns tingl.Grica !c dtunul c.t bri. htr,rdedr nu

I ^ r!1.a crridi o diejFtinn iliintifi:n pc prnrcifii frle. ctrcai vjc.ta ere!eDtiitoi dc byn ab tinsvjsricer tui Md.r iLlit nainurt discir.tii tui Mor. nr spleilt !.cir c.rc in U.R.s S

r.1l!,rn in rh c. insrirnrilror c'r. se cculau,te tirlgvislki,nu pcrnirlx,L dirioi ribri, vjc md cn Dkdlia nsuprs prohlmelorliiglisrjccij can.lrimhbrc!tndnribhiI,vS1aliI'.deschis

T rt &cstca Dc rrdn iri4inea ideologici la ora gccid h'iSirli'r rr !lcxi3tiihl3 in u. R. s. s.iele nc $att. de *meNr, eoncilji rri.hrjo.!.wa $ciarisnnr pm1ru o cMtie iirr'adcvnr fcdrdn,dii'rtiri.ii, 4, r(rfr rdsi deshid. nr riF nnEFei st

'4c o orrdd,t srn'ii cm

..re *iil}3 nu r. o ,rujii.i i bosnrr.n ca'r *.e ]roirc consacr"ir inrrcsn'rele nsslor popular..

r,rcnrilc" d. h,fljsijcii rpiirtrle nr urinnij r i h strt l.rhi!. trtclrr.ricci mnsiiruc Drrcn o cotrfir trr. cxprcsi rconlmsrrlui cric cxtsrn

eriinJei in uRs.s ti s1@a rtjn,Fi in lirile csfl1949 a a,pint laNcw Yoi* o clrtc intin el' L',,rd

?.li,t.d, scrisn de nn grup 'le I xncricani ln lrute cu

stlar ciir(i rrnegi tn leL ii chip ,,i.!cca' ci linlra inseDl}al si ,,linbar)urerii" ii sp.cial posdi o j f.rtt hrgict'Areili ,,ribsoli' isi pr.lux

eodc senehli a lrnrrii cx iN1tund't al

9i dsen'r're iEbue sn ajunsn cnreYrla*tu q ,.s:i lBiere i.h'ocarte v.lminorsi. cu nn tr de soiozilalelntr'o rorba *in,!llicn.rroblema ,.ro4er dreic! r linbii m , irstn'ncrtar p!&rii l clmsi nu li thinbsti ti lesihdi.u rcstr dr icoriib txrba!. ri stnlideale celor tle icalr lui Biil.r, cloe)rbels ii Ro!.nlrers des,remjtun, ddD,! rcld nnuitici ri n3siei ir istorje, d6!reinportrila

,.o. . ,i .: nr *.icn acclari sldliil rdsin.s r*calli tieredtiila accsior I'clrci sav.nti'

Dopn cun m slns nai inaiit v Slijn ..ndiiDec aclirbie penhu ,Idnst Pcioad; isb

nct Insmnilrier Kesior lucrnt delitcaid trst er mulr cidrulrgvtr'iic'i, .re oNtille . mniribulic de cer d3i mrc iDp.rlrnrd l.desor1!e. iDtftgei stiirte snillc dssebit de mE cst inportan!! lor]rcritu .:srtiare. fr3i dqutc R nrteriillsdului dirlctic si ,nabrklis

ncle de rslti lD frla ono*idi lnunnri scr.nepnbliclj P.pdarcRonane o fomelzn tocnat

Tr.bue sn PrcciH intn d]o irnictdecuE si batez u 1or{trnnrunliDea a'ersit 1.ni in

"drul a@shisonrniciri, deoarecc rc*1 luctu d e loit lac. i r'osiiglri cdnunrre IIn loiu o.!ps d.ci {i Nbri de caics pFblcmcft'ndmlnhle

c,r@Drir naterididi a islciei estc uDr diD narire descolenrirlL'

glilnls socixli. Se potr1e lnuc cd oda1n.u ea a hut nist.rc inaclvnhiul ii!.Ls al culn.h ni, tuiil. so.iali

Pnnn la Mrx. islDn. iLr intrqal ci ti ra$DcD.le vislii sociilc.in

i.* -*" 1.* *ti'o. "pi;usb are 'ctiviinli oanmiror, liri snse

rr accst. 'trotive,

cc .nune sin h blzldr trivitn do,ri Ddulrr,'i de ofii, rrgi p!ciLid adrvnralii riuitoli ri jslorici

con4ir nnnqit Du rau ru4i i, omids, rr, ,i ri

" .rr. d- r.ri ,p.-cr. i.

orbi nn r*e. lj de o ntLesere re,ln rL.r Ln, rielit iddnq .lasilor t

trrn o( imens numi. de lipreir56 rliinlt a vielii socialc n'oexistzt

dc pldn .rc Btoricilor rmncczi dh cpodrrr'lrurrlirt Cuizot.isnet Auslstin Thieuy

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o privira h cartcr {l de clrsi rl inonnelor srialc, sar ltrltutcn fruii d.no.mti rei,i4ionari rati Hd1en, cehiecwchi,DobrDliubov

-

sau nrropirtn au purui si schinri

rn,i.nl pc crrc I an nrfnlisai nai insirh.lstoria a ritois. d.frpi, neexI flrii, Icsile vietii Gtorice rru nxi descoperiic

nxiinderer naterlrllsmulli h fenonoole vrelii scial. a oneniriia'irtai, pmp ! zrs, penllu intak oarn s$inla dcsprc sciei&G Iatmrpt3&i siiinit. CEind ieo a nrterialisnulut istorlc, Il.a riEngels ru 3ivi,r.iit o revolutie in sliirtt. inrrnand F o,ncnitnuncn cn nerodr

'nl,r!?Jli losjLr fenonerelor *ciareCaracterizlnd ins.nnilatqconcepli.l naiei.lhtc . isioiei, L V.

shli', &mtn cn ,, $tii"tt isturni so.;.tdlii podte d.La| . tdtd .arLtirda knannetd ri.tii exiute, o stiinfi Iat dtit de .tuatdu bio.r,qi6, tL tndn, o liinld .apabiLn dc d lobn in proricd tcsite.t stoxdtiiv\itdtiin (cuts t s.ut+ .te istotie d Pd,tid1tuiaonunist (bat$e6c) otr/it6,i S.!&tic.j en dsn, 9 104 ,). Aestiniiun|cjc'o'tiiD'idactnca.stiit!ncareperni1fo]osnlilo' rslo.rer in.cllrtaior pl'cnci. 2r'ti l! @ tnilline rrdica narxh

Drcn rai e hevoie sn dov.din cd *ilnJr socialn a devenii ortii,4dricliL srft ne penit. sii ]ri1rurd.n i,rriadevir inltuidll.aeonDl.xn rrqDmenctor sociale, si d$co.erin leqile fcnon Ddor care!! ,N la utrmfir.n! d:Lt ri sn sr'bilin .um se vor desfisurevenlnert b n viin!.i vrdcm cum tr cc trebue si f,cn ndsele populrEpotiivil .tr rt,s{..rlL ale mehuht islr.iel, relei. daci h,i cnevoie ei divenrm r@slr3cru,

r Laiin,i r. v si,tln, erdirne o dovadn sbnllcitnI{ale.irtjsnuljBtoric, ca oricc sliinF, aB o serie de trotitrni iuMa

neriale, de cat gorli lundaner ,olirDi *nrialeare."bv"',"'l*r.-..'

P-f-i ,"..-"r 4 t,itrt., k nlia.rcnd-"r l..ri"_ d! t39.- 1"-ir',

istoriei, NIr.x dehietre }[n si sdlhstrucrula l'in nrnnioareheli.rel,I't t odk jiu so.iald I ri.fi Lr _ a soh M,ry _ os@ jii,rrd rn4tolii deta-tilunc, rc@stq intLpddate t @ilta t t iircLdtii depvtu4ie etu .rt4pnn11 unei on lnit be?te 12 d^Ntthe atai.tnL- nardiab n prad 4i. rokiiturea acstat retotii n2 Tnodncti.@nnitl. srltchia nrcnicd t stcieratii, bdzo Ean pe c.re e *aicn o*.

pnsttuatutd jutitt:i.ti ti t t*icn ti cntda ii euespnnd atuniJelutne deMttiita to.i'td" (x ]{dr si F D.ge1s, oF," rdtse. ,ol. r.cc. run.Din .&dn ddirdti. reTxh cn, dnln Mxrx, baza $cietifii otor_

neazn btrtitirer r.hli r dc !.odnc1i., $u. cu au! cuviii.3.tuclnnRo(omicn r socieliiii. Dlni r4ax p. rc.r{i }ui p ridicnin3iiiutiilejuidi@, lorifice si torntcrc corcspDnzniode dcconsriiri! sociari Aceset'a fhdansntar. despre rrazti si*Utrsltuctun sdnr descDri &pdrtc ,idesaoltate in ,lie olTe alelli ]Ixh ri Erseis. Astftr. trrsels 3 scrisl,, . tiadtnra.N.aainnli u sa.bani din liecnft et)a.ii ddtd d \r tc LMrrau rnin(k Nnfei ltatttetdti e erptici i^ r iatd, hstontd iah.crrastI)'osktctrtd J.htoti, d. brdiftn in:ututinar iutitliNc ,iltoftite, r,tecu,t Fi n Nrker4inat Elitria6., fiLsoti@ ri dtete,din fi.cao rckaddi.idi'd ddai (K. rrrn 9i F. Enscrs. or4E, alt x!v.ed rDSi, !. 25)

Di'r rest r$rj rezulli 3t brzr rldli r sociliilii o tonnea:islrxc.tn.s oi .co.oilici! ri .i sdp.stecruli]a sociDrnlii botrsrtu.r dupr Fa.

siiiutiilor juridr

rentnL a ie lrcehrzr si suprNr!.hrn. Ne &fcrim la lcisoarersa

citrc Bl.ch din 1330. ln .esri scrisoaE, E1r3?ts i so.is:,tirrdrsecanmid canstttue bdrat .tat ostpt d.tiqafitit rupt6 istui.intk@nrcai, ti in natte d.a'i detnrnitui. nsi et s tatua ei,ilqdiie .tanate

tumcte eot i@ dt l,rytei de .tnsd g renltotck.i @nhliit institded. d6d itinsaoda .tqtd rcthaaat ll.c

,\ta .tc thade jkirti.e si cri@ t tt{td\ tatod. d^ks |1tptutnh,r alinttu pu'ttdLortitti, tedit matice, j$idie, t'itasolie,tun-lrttiik rNtisixsc ;i t,.sxntufta t.t Luciaatit intru sisth n nsne,,r&st. 1.3 de rui Enscls deri(es i, m.d min tt cer ei,r}tes!ir ritr callgorJs suprastfduri. Din sulrsltuctu.n. duti cunrcden

r,r Jrx{.: lornetE polithe .te hpr-Ai c: chji, fornch jnddice,@ne!_lih lfuriri.c, filosofio, retisioase clc.,\cesle tse .l! tular: si Drgels despre bazi 9i snrjra*ncrurn au

' r rdoPbie de roli adeplii sr d

- , \. d m e3.!. !?r. 3u ddr._

rrlrn co trzie ti Jr rcsre nohini rte natdia]lsnnrni ision ,de,ar!.rj(du lo in ,nrrc nisurn. Kaursky, otro Bau.r, Max Adrcr,B.adrnov.r

,l-. -,- -""e!!".,r i!:t6i6

idin ;j sirlil nu rlrliai@ n xlsnutui i,df an si dcsrolrar mrida!*ta ideite rrft de drrin.ci I.sP.s 5nAhi. 6rl. sfr r.

rd,r hurli atcnlje Fturrrcnei b3zui 9irr.slrctuil &tfel,incii ir 1334 ir lucrar3 ce ,rnr llrtar?rii prrtttti, ti cun kat;iei iinlsttio so.ii,.d.mddlto,, ft.nnd !.at rrI tl.r din niscociriresubieciivjsre antislihtifie, trFiie dc.rj6 y,.

schi m pr,ivild la Llorj. $cie$!i| sllrri,ind crronniire debibrede 4esra ts adEsa nrxisnldui, v. r. rsirr rri{voliai cnn nu seporte nd chr, ideil rundancntale ,te e(ep!i4i

A.atizdnc ontinftul @tebri lErek r lui M.ry Lti.t ca"h ala btiti.a Tonatizi ,oriiice, t-enin ;lune ci idearxrinrlsnLhi irrii r.e pani ta Dtgiite ole roi snapb dir wid.are, mlrtiirc deI or!.1ie,smi.rigii idealisti, alucendu sc si ccrcctez. tomelc tntific..Lldne d ideotosic., sc izbean ds r,phl cr ere se nasc din bnr|iinlao,

., rridrc ta euFr. ap itGi rutnrnr iestor to.ne s, hlnfdhru conri,o" . ..-" ,.,".,o.iale igi ru o.igine. in @ndilijtc narc

' ' r ile vrDlii .rnorild. er halizcazi u!ur. mesio. mnditjiil,erieh

.saci,b1itt k t l.nt o11\ raniitt'1 1'tb tunktntc 1ntrctd."t|c'|,t" invrt@tc i c|r. ncrnrfitl^].

in relea& tu tpticat.i a tdo1nheLa saciale (ti a.ea*d i etrcidn.inosnbiectilistnufut in s.eiatoste); ej n au $rd sd sds.ascd bc,ittia abi+t'i pctttu d put a l@e ac.zsrd d&s.uz.Mdretioti.,nut a oletit un 6itent n desduiBnz .bt!.r , .t.sp''nzaan,,raponuhb d. zrultclid, ustflctutd d sa.i.rtitii ti uaindzasibiriati d. a sa a icd dcattat rcpd.tuti nnitut stitntitic4tue'at at

'cwtdtil, o .dtui a cabnxatu in so.i.,t49ie efo nendtd ttesubiectb4tfi ( kniq orez, vot. 1 ed. nBn, F r 22 ) r )v. r. t ornaBrn lj)oi cti .nltlza relatiilor de !tudnclie din ecicLre.

s,isialarcr lchenrdut dc Epeta& 9i reglrarikt in rtaliirc de!ro.daciie din dtfeit re Fr| . &r r3r:imntui p.sirbilitlle. sistilileascn

ux ditr ele nai rmpdtanre noliuni de @nccFlid n3+srialisre arsi.ncj.noJiunea de /.-'dlie sondri vcden, de.i, e iuxn imporrrntrr ac.rdai knin noriunit Fr'4iild dc rmductie dh socrerale.stracrurlr eco:o.nic , sccidiilii, cu .lre crvinlc b?zei pe carelar stlbirit ji'lR i'P,.ftta ta tiea .c.ntibrtii to Ditid 4honieir,oritie,

ub resi mgrrin dc reddc c(tr,r,rur rr.d El .ra6 cn Max ,...c

sciclilii su a djlditcror bt. ti I dilditelorsuplasirchri carcse nodificn dnp!.e se nodilici b.*le

sulrshudnrjl. -

ara1n tovarilul S1r]h -

$nt g.ncrare do h'isi sc Dodilitt in l.q nrd .u nodiricam h'eiAr li iisn gresit si ecrerdn on orrslrudia nu r,e declf nn ror ! ivnr detF soDirl4 t6flectind .toar nodjti.inle bsei Dnpoirni, inileplnrn concoramli culeAile src.Tf,ei @t'ialislc a isi..iei,toruitan Stalin sbliiiut ia'po$rntnl ml aetir 5l sDlrah.tuiiccnerrlt ita brzi, tuIrNtmstua,odaE r!iru1i, jodi ll rindur ei urimlntunt ror h

'sbnq aFiard cr

baz! sr sn capelc lormi ti !i * cohs.lidezesbrialitrii mlsrri tnftgnl r.lul acllv al snprslnclurii. Ce a tc'

zultat 'lc aci, te ved. clar din exenxpbl ,pononislilor" rnti,din leriordrcend r in@pui sn ir iatkF ni96ra socral dmmatn dirRasia Dupt

cnn * rtje. nia nrnjJii .,ononiiir' an sustjint Jorbslont8neitttii "reduceid luFla (l6ci nuhcilorrc nm"i larcvmdicirilc d caiaci' s

nonic ti nesnM astlel necasitst$ rnptei evolniio'm t lMrlr-'hnilenha ocairer putrij. Dc amner, ei nu lnielqean ti rgsd !!h'lerduc

'r Ei mobiltrt r al tsri.i Fvolulionire in nitcreannnciloracninbr c& retucean inhcas{ Illtn 3 Nn jtorilor l. hptrlf,nh u ur lrnn!!1a lllb lentn int*3ele @!onice.Ren.tsirlrstrlui

-

I

ct sr,.,,. cd_ I :mboc 4., 03.tdirlkLnul lsfqir .d cunc u i !ltez. int.Drsvorrend nii d+artc ti inbognlnd teoris nfxisrt a baa sis:-pBdac,f iolrLu uabs 5" cao*oa_; I.n.d'. ".

' d. sp-sl1cfui. (:

,,rtnDd -

spnne er -

n esre qetututd dz c&e. sa catote bkE

.,Li ldiq.r:.rts .n o^!i 6, .J4n!i ,r

'5 ,' -t i r,^:3

'r,-": ",."" 1,m"" "q. -n -,rr,. caF " * _,,,i p.s"r,, _::"-

i Fas, u .-..tarcm-..pad-i..

fb .onui .or ischn inke erIn a.esr eod de a pnre pr.blematinhii,

si desvonare a id.! d-.spF rinli, crre a f;sf daborati, debvdssirr,1 d"sp.e .J.^ am .ort:. ,dt i-3i ts.

In depri"n em danti u d.j,tia isrodcn r nntit, to!3rn$tstrltD.taltlsis .i tinhne de atnzi h! sulr !tudusn uid .iigur.cp.ce cat.ci a unei s.ii inlrest dc ep.e,

"; r:.r,. t.;io*" -u]l _ar _"rr a."atsuprr*meturilc, ci nn sstichrd.ci odati cu d.srijilarer unej bazodrre si a suprrsrrudrritei. ci bnlinni si sc dc$otle mi d.parlc, pistdndu-si stnrhragllm3iicatn si f.ndnl p.nrcin.t Je crrilrc. ihb.snto-i. p, r.ts

Ii lu.ririre srre cu lllviE la tinsrisici, I v. Stalii a dll .inrerprctare dialectico.daterlatisrn

' nhh ca fenomen so.trt. ]\e,sld con.

*svenlii interrrctare nsterralrstn a tinbfi st indpprarinnp.rri,a lu.

'at a7n desD& oristne, .,+iritdari,i, ,dj.rlini , tln[ii. a.eslc indreFtsri ifrpohiu sa zlstor tc.r]t .psiho),

gice' si , s^ci^roei@" despre li,$n c?s flnt riq andirc irlinsa.isricr bur

l[],r Dcol3inn desiul de largn s hd.i. dc pildn, pi&rilelingvistului,,1\,1iu F. de $nssnre. ro$vrt i@i fnndraoftrle 3 hl F.dc Saustut,ii,L si &lcviutui obiccr al linsisricel esie.,LinbrDriviln in sine ri'nitr sinc El oninpune, dupi dpfeda sa.linsisii.a ..internir'-

soci'lt a linbii crnep|a lui smssureN rr limbiicsiedetrdnilii,,coneDlia sociohgict rsuD$ Iinb . D. c.:

vdell dmstrn !!nc in lcgiiuri in nod sup.rr (iir lnnbs cudildi(ii factort istorici, gmsr..rici $i psihologjci. Ltfrh3

'' incbh ln sine insutl, rk cnrui Iesi ru,r,'..sc nr ultlftd

'nalizn. slda lndividlrl tsihol.Ekn . Fpft?entiri! f,nDlui.Acst

.jtucioldgism est., prin urmarc, o LTrie idcaljsti dcstlld!in,ici desFrc lrmb!. Lr hrzr r@stei teorii desFro linbn st'sDciologl;ihrri:ti kannsno duknciniana.

IIn irt rinsvist cnnoscut, rnneal vcndryds, cu iorte cn .lihacirnr s&sll si se prezintc linbr ca un lcl dc cscnli idcali 6rese desvoltir,,l.En'lent de on si proori! * sih'cazi tnuetr cl[rclll de vede& lgn.siic, p.t dt cntuis in scneral ploblen.origlniirinrbii iu poarc li Ezolvrti de not. El irin3 ci llntb cste!n !rcdlsn psih.iogisl lrdlvituale, u fspt de FsinolosieindlviduaE, ci rndicidle.i s. pierd in adancu le conitiiDleiindtvldnalc,

oni., LinFisltc. 'lrl,'grjsticc cc aklari fcli dar, drn 6uz.hkiiilii cn'celJiei lor, din cr@3

udolui vurgar ri sinplisi in crra priv.ru lrotl.ns ljmbii, eiD'ru lost tn

lovrrli-9rldi Sbliipuica sdDbt o d.sivir.tire .Dncrtiile

r tistiiniiJnc. idcalistc in liDsvisiici.L V Slxlin privcslelinbr cr unul dintfe ccl. mai inp.riante lcno

!,:, srci,le, lirn de crre scciebtra omen sci n'ar ptr1er snexiste c,arate er lifrht sie

! ! triieare intE oanenl 9l totodali N lnshlncnt ncesar alde*olridi,.r,ttrrd

-

scrie tola'tutrr sbrin -

l@e Nte di1 kA. heLe :"ckharr octi tu':n in 1., .utsd enstrleinc'.,dtii. tto sa tu te $ se dB.trfi.drji m r8tde4 ti.tasratiareosa.idnii, rtnn s"Nindrii. t al,n s.daatii N.inii tinhnD..d.nrnnMr,) rr .i re r4urtue pat li in1?t :e tu oi in .a. t c:.ntNmt sttt;atau I iitud indkatubild cu ktaia s..i.talii, c ishtinr.antui ci\ti1 ii

apdrti,c tintb. stu.lidld 9i ette cste Rdatut ,i ?vfitnt n.est.itintJi(J. V. Starin, tldi'is,ru, rt l,rrrknet tintlt]ilticiij ad.tusn, L 22)\.interprebe istorrtu natdialistn I lidhii calenoneis.cirl pc ore o di iovrr:5ur sl.lin. Totodrri iovari;ul sb1nlpdklicrinh. c5 u fen ncn sin caieg.lh bszelor, nrct in c2rcgoriasprastructuriror, ni.i itr caiegortifenobenelor ,,nndmediars" intrebrzr 9t suFrash.uciun fendhcne .irc,dupr pirepa sa, rn genom\ nuerhle in societare. Ditr plnctul de vedere3r de$oftnrii rcorieiroare a.cste bze p&zintiD ntdes *@Dli.rar. II lrind reid.a@rslr d.svnhire contlci' Inallril $ciare r lirnlir, indic4e.fapiulrl ci !o!.rut csre crertatul Fipdtlionr liFbii, cn rimbr.pa4ine ii inhesine sf.rci

'ie_tii sociale N

dului, cn hgie de desvoliare a linbir pot fi iitelese nmai integiitnr,eu tilel.crea legllor dcavortirnodel dc ini.rprct..c alimbii din plnctul de rde& rr @n.epticl narsniriste a istoiiei.In

'l doile. rdnd, iminte de rnsrilia ludidtor lui r. vstalii cn]rrivi& lr lingalstlct, in ercurile luosoiice si tinsvisricecfari$inail lxrcrur dc rcCere d61ut de shemaljc, Nrrivtr ciituirrrarclcnomcnele vietii socirle pot fi ttu.ntd fie in .areeoriabyjtor, tic incrrog.ri, tupraslhcrniilo4 Nn sc ailnitdu nrctun retde 3ti. lendere.nictun lel dc fenoncne caD sn nu linn dc t-n srn dasqraslrlciuraDc aceer, linlr^ lrebui. sn rie fiecutn nr nna din r@e clreCo.ji De. *sei nn .rr t'.mri p nt}e fcnoncncte care ii! debazn, 4 . tosr bedriIrlnhe reronenele care 1in de Frasltuctnri.Retevind nxi Farrjcnlartti!flc specifice rre rimbii, rovarin strnia arft,1 cn exisrn tn sDci.1'!efen.nena sccirte spccilic:, cui esretinna. care in lor ti rcNle J'nidh caterdid bdz.tar, ni.i inmleq.nkt tjtdstrucktitd'.

T.z.lc dcsFrs byi si suprasltucrn.li. etxhorrid dc r v sbtir.r...etr&ricntn scunuhln d. p0iidur Bolsevic in tuprs

pmrrd desriinF&a rcctrii tau capitatkle 5i rcdrit.rsuDrashuctnri .rlritdiste in Rnsi. st petrtru d$rca nnei b.ze noirt uD.rguirisltuclnri nci ih Deri..d.eistcntci stetnl!i s.'ielic.TEctc reorcticearc hi r. v. s]lln dcspe tlzi ti sulrashucluri sunrce o cxc.plioisliinl.riantn in nunsi lcnttu parridnl comunist rtu.Rs.s. ci si lcnhracliriteter Frijdel.r mnniste ti nuDcihftstr drntirllc de dcncdrli.p.p lrrii undc sc desft)u.t nn inllu.s lroes dcconsrtuire I sociali!-nnlui .u allc Qvintei un p..crs de consftulaa nnei bsz. 9i nnel suplr.t ror \echii bxa $i ycchirtuIrbhnctui.

azd ti sullashuciu[ insc'tu nn nor{rrirol imaort',1 lndcsv.lb.ca con@pliei sdeirLtule 3 istoliei

an arita! nai inainta, nu [eLue identiliclti orn,\rctir sru .unodd de ptuduclie. Baza 9i nodul ce rroducLie slnt

Dri,nlc ro,lere de pioduclie ii rclrtiile 'le productic.r iLil.xreraFlor de pNdu4ie 9a2s esle ornndnir.r(L,i LiL Prin iC.nrilicareaba*i .u nodul de prcducjie B. frce o corln

: i ,e noliuni direrile rle hrterialiMdtrt istoric. AeastnUentUicrEtrr .nc l.mlsl deoece lncludc. ftun niclun ideiu, in nli!n5 hrzr,,r)liunca ro4eli' de prcduclie Frrerh, rdl&tiile delroducli. sunr strnnsI rjri. d. ro4ere de pmdnclie; indl*uiibil cicle nr po! ri npte nnel'

rillnLilic stDctEa verticaln,.r si sPtrnen 4qr, o societilii.Lipsa deLrftu 3 identiliei'li bszei societntii .! nodul dc pm{ clte!p.re dssrlL t d. clar, ahnci c n abordin lroblema exlliciiriilnotuenclor seiald'l , doncninl sprstmctrruo.l. V. Strlirjelrlrortnd idrit btz.t ti spBstruchrilor, 3 enis o

de inp.rlrnin, ri anune ct sllrrstructdrile ogli",l,ischinbirilc itin desvoltrca lio&cliel, dh d.lvoltr(r lorleldrdeIr iluctie de sr.jeti_tii, nn drnFonaq ti nu drrect, nemjjrocit,cl pii.

sllrc at nn 4te t letii .tite.t d. vaductir.tL ttii)itdea azvoductie d m ri Dd este lclldn de yduclie nnmi, nrt. trrik,ntinediul .carhiai, yin i"jm@titt bei, De d.M,

adiAtle.st sckhnbndz in n ,eht n sDltdlii l6+etai'tt t)t,tuqinintt'a&td 9t direct, ci dlttii schinbdril. r'et@ute iabkn,rrx,nNtfinq,.s schknbnrit t din pnlla.tie,6 scti benk dinbolil(I rr s1:ln,,,ltadisnui rt ?robldct UnJari:titii, ed rusi,p10-11)')

rrcrsb este lna din tczclc Rle nri lm!.rt t. rle nxteriallsddih,r.. crrc rc pdDtta sn did o dplicilie !tuju(dii si jnstn reno .(!!asaciRla din dondiul .lDmsttuctnrilor. firi sn du(in !ep.zilidtl",liiNlui 5i nlsr.izirir.

rno.r,.d.r,. srnNT.Lon socr

Dnli revotuli8 dir 1005, a ,dmt in R,sir nn anrnc suliaticov,!idomn niftc rr.zmtios ii crre, ficnnd nrlfi zrr!, exFlkr njtrtn,.niern llrgrlizai.rre tenDD?ncre vhtii soate, pe&nrirde\dciliire sle

sulnlicov, e ri tdinGut Bosd.nov, isiorrcut pocidvsctri t :t1ji,i,lelego. st deducn lorhete tdcotogice diect din nivel,j trcnd4ict9i

Cx o astfel d net di de I &bordr relon nele socirr., ej auajuD3de indain in ituras Fi Is putu! de sigxr, si exptic jLN!procscl. sociare sDr trinMnosdle diuDtloarere concerrlji idcausicii mchisrop. care Bogdrnov le .vea in scioll ti in lrollencleideotlei in specirl. Tor atiii de .unoscute ii ene tui Bosdanovrefeiioa! re i,pro

rsdnccau ra rerdinti cc a crea o ,,culiuri lrotchrniir;isoci6 d.el qi nptl de d.swli'rcz isroridi redi r +iinlcj. IcsLt

ln dtrecri innc tenoDenele conplrcdln danciiur s.nsbucrurior

-xjnus rt3 in crecia anricn srtr ltrnlucirantreriritc de asbhilt o tcs5lurn inhc sccsl

t..FeDa ri ]rroductic, desvou,fta lorl.lor dc lroduclic sun! .udcsnvtrrire soriitc ereolnl.

LR ri.tr r si:u, NI.x I ridicutjzar riri ctutfe.i,are trnilln inptulrlcare. rn ?.,r,ite d.sp? pl -J,l d..' . ort d,,se rata dnnE hi..t er

^n*tu\nicd o Franeitnt tia src.hn ar xvtqetN, an ihh2r|t ,e c.ir'.tri, de ce !.i tu Nfti;1h si o ar.Nrt ;i iatd .iiin |a.d.,i4ttci ar)aE Itentidd6!, tt

rr.F, rNrlr sr NTr'.n socr^LE rN

Ita..naL J. . -,oai-ob;r,-o .'nrn diatk ln4nt?. q@"i1t rd i kuhfltah&ttratis,tulzi in isror.'. (R.!kr, szb srez,ai

'.m,e rrr rJ,?. l\r 6. p 23,Ncrn !!Iit nai anrnditir asupraomrrzi exaliljllDr nrg 13rorr. are d tli Sutiaihov, !e n a rnir .nesre srcrit, .n sb iolostbusn doCuui, sn ziccn, lorncte idsl.gicejcorcepliite tiloscfica sau reno-nenelc ftci 9i literalfri d,is.idrr ploduclie. rrh urfrIe, tea rovL.es'nd stalin ci sFrsh{rn.a n!6rc lesrrr dc nr.ducti. in roddJ_rei cl prtn lnt rnediut baz,, pri,inrehediut mtatiit.r de pradu._ti6,c'pntn o htxl1r.lt d{sebirn sieste absol$ nesarn peniru . IDsr{tntal.s.re si apricare . ncioceihaterirlhmulni isro c.

^eosir reze alc

tovrrisurli st3liD i.abmzi !e roti dcplii con.erriei ndeirirjstea b-to.iei c! o busoli sigun penn! o cxplioar. protlll:i ri jnsrn.i*nme

11 exanjmftr problemci rolutui sccirr .l qtitntei9l a loculnl eiin sttuotura societitit

Duli cun s? itie, clrca$.iea rtlintifi.n, in lot.t ai* sa, !o'telilnpirtiti in dcun rsnnri trincip.tc: siiintcte niruij riltii'lele socirte.Friint.re iatu.ii, precun ei eriinlcte rehnica,ar nriiscnlsbit nulie cDnlingenrc .u nnna, gi iati in e *ns. Dlcs?.vesc dlierltelc ctxe ate soc!:rilii: o qi rinba, ete slnr lesaredirect de &bvit.ra de producric e

In lucdrilc lut Msrx ti Enscts, lllc{jm ti tn operete lut rnntn9istzrin, purm Sixi nn n.toiar bogrt care .raii regetua diffdrddtntr,ettllntele natrii si tliinlele rhnkcj pe de o prrtd, rtproduciie, p. itrrrd partc. Elscrs x arnrar cn Ji vo.hit fo2ie ndide cer cc productiadrrorest 9tihki, dr, spune el nri deprt, gtiintad'roerre inlinlr hrrdult pmnu4iei. sc rtie ci {jnrF d. niscuidtr.cr din pridicn. din ne.FsrtiJne lmductiei ,,co $ raatdcet?talte ,tiint. a sris EnE.ls _hdtmatica s'a nd:ctt di ieaajte]iJrc\i:e dtc amenitar: din ndswarcttstcnti|t ti d rdunnktitas.tar, din cd|utdfta timp.dui ti tt n heco.nicn'.i. Nercj. cc aKgla rrra ln Egipt, in Lonbardia. in ohnd. sru jhIndir r constituittrn inluls lulchic le$tu dsrcllatr stiirtctd.

puncDngcls, rtjrnjr a nrcorut sn rtn'it.rrc si sn & dosvDkcu o rnpidilai.

iiinF il dalorete tor producliei. Enscrsdr rrov.crfi cc neuoilcdi..c!e 3le producliej! des'o[!re. procucliei

ri dlsvdlt,r.a fiziki, separlrcr cr r chituiei ins4i. Toricetli,dc lildi, studiszn niscar$ lbhtdelor, etc.,r .r.i in legi$ri cndoisttuctine nidnstriate si lidr.iehniue,

trrc'ditl'ij t an r at., todra .7retitik asutto l,ntebtndtentutic. ote sistendri .te nanyhl\i. ttif,lotd,a.., @ lostel4turt. atupra nari. rat i hlt&wd n 6E6to a tos,dt ontd ?.nhlpnnla cntd karid eltutiei intenstdlii Futerii .ia.tie,an *eatdui alXVII t d, ntr.dpe tnli hntii ndtendicieni, na 1fi:uta n

n h si ptd Mdrd de opd pentru 4durlr' (K. Il!8, o?aq vor. 23,cd.Mix spnnca ci d:1a c.e3rs, norii d. rpn penh! nllcinaltrlsrinn

{.k'r existu in fond, loale pi{ite conponafte ?rc orgtnishrldis&ttuci:Io,la nofti@ neudc4 putca lucdt r. 3lir5itrsi, etc Iara.csi hc r seNit h rendul sin .a lrizi pentru noi sc

dc md! 'rd stiinlci.DiD 36te excmpl. lntn GCen ci, desvolirr8ttiiDlci esle lrortsin

dt!.t dc iryoile desvolltrii inar$.j!re, de nevoile lrcduclt.icn, pc dcsrH l'rie, d6eollarar itin,tei E inlleiilc dired cupr.ductir, p.rfaii.nnnd b rAnftL ci tl ficind si lrog'eezaproddcll! tnsnsi. In ddpi.n,ru, Fi ii rlte opdc rle 6ile, sx aialiin linn[ a nus.ro@ cxcnrLe cn E1ojle l^lduciici, re@sttriea d arcdu@ dud' !tu.e$lui dcrmduclic &r intmdu@rer nct dclorlriinlilio in tehnica lro&sulJi derro&ciie. Dc pildi,irlri,emr coloririi chimice a iesniurilor, tibiclrLifi.l.i cu^jrtord r.ldulul tanic. inirodncero. slaratelor dc usFe,lnrro'dtrccM pudhjrlni si o lrocesubi Ecssede. I' r.bri6tn otelulnidln

crpitolelof orespunzitoat ale chjntel.i:ic.i ri rre uei srii derfilnle tahnlco

Nenurito3r. r!,ltn a roLsirii natinclor in Foduclic, fndtiCdIIri* t', cap'.rd, a lrnt3t de asehenea ci loLosntt nltiieLr sebr_nzi pe lesi slricl

-stiinFflce ri estc rcsr rtd dc cleriribrrii aflicau dirdn rsliidclor natumi in indNtdc A'n ddt Later6le .remple lcntm a ariii"cn dcsvoltr&! liiinlci.,i.ri sunl dir.d resrt dc lridrclie ti o*ntsc 1)e deNta cl.st nnnrin,rr., rc|ind l. lrtere. Irl.*ste tnnDdrt c.] Mi l'fg .jrcrinc hh'(i.ci si ijijbtei li d.mcnid rizil.chimiei. ii domennn +iinblt rdnirn1,n r d.sunts Dro.lnctiascillnti, in l $a iDpol'jv. cqitrlisnlui

Din r.ate aGstm rcdlti cn siii4ete naturii ri ,riirlek rehDi.e,cacilllm ii .onsideiltic ccntinutut L! lapiic, continutut l.r6!c.jal, sulrhgate cipd d. ptuducliej se inpr..tesc prrci cud.sr.lbrei lNdnciiei rruanza roluh'i tliinFi in socierate nu Depulcm oprj insi aici. trr .ccrc.t'rca inptuliln in ctrse e di atetin glijnicre rhni& cit si, n:i aks,. d - nir t r."o- nito-i: olup:.dml o k cf.6,6.e ex I rpci

Inafad dc co4inutut snn spcrlic,.rt@ stjintn dlrinca deasemcr:rer erem !. me tin dd mmc]rljs deslrc lnne. Tlenue sn ,ih rrrcteadeo$biea di'tre c.rtinuiul fariicJ nehijrccit el itiinlelornarrd; 9tttlinleld telnhe, si iDterprclsr.r lil.sofict, dtn punctulde vatoe alconccpliei dcsp.e rune, da$ acest r m@rjrt dc ordintrptjc, Ifeilc f!tF.lesi-fD. ur'r'o. F.. . -i"i s"ranu F"-{.c , " {-., .or

":^ r.rntetiu[i..o- tr drr onrlu brla 1o,, ^F]or.limE ns1rudomnrard n,turii. ,\c4te mmiri ale sriinFlor h,tutilot seirir siintr,adedr serv.sc, atsr caplralsnnlnr caisi srcirrhrutur.

sriintirice 3 tcsr .rcrri bonb, aromici ,nij.ile arati.ro.itorls rizboiu ihDcrirrisd

cer i1.t aak pericot,enlrn exisientarsFici r on0ntrij. rn uRs.sinsn,energir atonicn $rvcst p.p.r.nenire irir, inararn {r4onDsriDFte stecirta, d. .rdii tartic, oijcaflljnti .:tunti sruiehDicn cupriide ri c..cl!7lij scneraliiirr filosJice,luhe Trhai inresfturi cu rc.asla. $ dn in stiinE re: tnpi' neincchtn inft ccred.ui tinii tuinmcnrate iD tnleryr.trei lcajt.r ,i 6n

+d*i..jy. , 1,ia ild! J r'; -,' ipiivintn. ori4 sriinli _i,c.pend cu n.t mriica. scor-^si3. fttca !cd,.rosir. 9i ierniitid dsriinrere rehrie sp.cirle. M .sre, dc pitdi &zis-teitrharcrirletor _ o)stftne ,r.nr nnei rupic inversdmie tnr?fl.r/.,e

h dlera sa geiirli ffaturidtsa ri ?'ritodrirjrn. tenln aratncib.cln. si tijn sn utrrtficin d|dt.jL srjinlet in doneiiult.ltctor sirot darii 61 slrm si ft"rdD tandn*cb r*4ion.rc, iJalistein stiintn.l,rbue sn fol.sim slune el ioat. tufarib ,,ettiak nrd,heiiitc(in c\inic, Iizici bi.tcgie, tjznr.gie. otc l. fnridc carsnu cslc ]].siriti dcs,.

. , " '"i..tih Diciui none4t det. nat,rirthm. :tunci cnnd eslev.rh dc concln

,iile:ilosofie carc decnrg dii accsre cu.criri.ia,in spuie cn incoDd4iite sccieiitii rhtonhie de cl2si, in condr.

tiile tDpcnarisnulul .rre sprc rorliuE pc r.rti

f i\. ,.t.rdiilkie tudcthnnrc ier nate'" din inv4i ?pqr?s,ri,iintai".L I i,!ii ca in &sta caiditii s.rirlc, inalui dc o$bstrnli vie tir ., ri. dcslorLder ttiinrei dn 9t ,,Lnete raaielnadie, tulete rcbltli,.rtt: r(b@ dlah.ate ta tado de s/roi,'.SFnand aeastr, cl avc! tu vc4rr djrf,sele s-alc idcilisrerercliomre, re arrr in ril.scrr. si in,l tr,lii. Se siie cnr.cliunca idcalisld .onrcnroDnn llhssle t*rb luirri,rtinr p.ashtiviiitii nd3nkr culnielor li @le dai noi date deslPr ndrsstcmici a materiel, penrru

' in.crca si .einnoiasDi, !i iDs!fle

li ir rCerlisrnlli, agncsl.icisnllul. TEhue 6t .Innen ncl,c.te8!rlc,$rii knrn, rini! nrlc.ialsri. ii el i&alist in tcrbdcncniile cuoasrrii, in t.rte problemerc aiiihtifice.

Se intcrcge dcl3 6ine cn Nesle p.oblenc filosiice, rccstelroblcnqnrc tin de dncepli. dcspE rDeli cre ocupi !i loc atet deinporrrn jn Brti,rlt nl un relld direct al l4tei ilc clrsi .are !eloc in so.icLrlc al 3r ata,b lrc lrrte. indjsmtrlril, dln.etructuri, ditr elenen-rrr suprcstru.tunle tn stilntn,

cat despic rliinFrc scdtlc, $re slnt lecate nedjLct! do inhe.gl\.Ii s.ciali, Ce lurts do clast

-

rceslc 9liinle lre pr i nrdisd{ablldi: doneiillsulrasrnciurilor. EIc sunt o oglintlire directi a luptei.ler L.i ce1rc l.c in societrte. lrnin a sc s ci itiinjele s.cialc sunt chcrtcai serre$ci inicresel: dilditel.r clse ,,.n.i in.,rd s,.idr^ld tre-I i ntd pe htrkt da ct6d N p.dte ensb ,tiiflta s..iab3aepdii^itoarel'

19, ed. rusn, p 3) $llintelc s.cirre se dsv.ltd innRr.iicc.n.nico siictule debrfr

r.nru eliborrm lor sl scfldc rceasii lupli, dar da dxta xccrstndtn

D.cn nu se Fale rcrli d.spt o saiendiri lrlct?ri siu blrEhun.i:rrc o dinrc Frol.t.ri sin lnrshezi, ori dsprc o itiltrltproletlrd, xrcii d.sprc o e..nomle polilici prolibrn slu Durghern,despre o fil&. i: pmletaln sau hrghczi.irr.i snpFslrudurn, nuslnl hs.te direct de lr3dtr.tiei aeastt ksiturirr,rlD si rolciiriiintc sciilc nu pot serli cu s .cs cgsl clr* diloiile,nr.l.,nistr, Fiind direrjic prin przili:lc l1r dc pl.dre t pritr o.ntaDar niol:gici. cle e

'lcDseb{sc in Eod rrcical nnelc de altele .1i seNesoir D.ddrrcrji chsclo aniq.nis

tebn: si prccizirn, toto,lrlii, cil distilsjir !c c.ft o r,.erintre ceredou. ranlri ale cun .ete'ii rliinlifi@ itijnFrc ni.nrii,sriinJere tennicc, de o prrb, $i qtiinletc sociale, ite altn larte,dhlir.iic dcsp'! carc

inpnrlre n*lr$"

," i.a rrrl ' .'.1 ."dlq' ,.Jri n"lrcm rliila cmrszi rulreconizaic la timpul lor neokaniienii Windelba.d

pri"d::ri! s bi?cli,, jitru cat, duFi Oirerd lor, deos]]i$adirie c:L d.ut.mnri de dno4|iF drc ucx$ de &nrtiiriir h.stri. dnet deb nosi&de ercetrre, ;t nu de deose'Jnib cbi@live dnt&obiedde inseti ale cun.asterii Esenlr si senq selrriJii es .;1lc 0i3 ttiinleror despre mltu.i,(rdidi r gtii(lelor smidc) ..nsii lnniEa.risnei legr in $cietrte.aeaae@, dnpa ni3lr.It, nnlinitividrale 9i iupor ri n{.dmte n, hsi generatc Aeastr cste csn13rc.clionrri, rdealisti.'grostici r niscocirilor lui winddband 9iRiclcri.Distn,cF DaBisln dint$ stintclc dsrre iatlrn ei $ii,rlcredcsDEscietate sc bMesz- dimnotrivn ne n ?tu1ciptu abi.ctit, redeo{bitelobieciivn dintrrtiintclor haiuii ei stiinlclDr $cl3le ineo.ietere.

In luoirile sale {tcslr liisvisticn, L v Slalin r lohulai oserie itetezc. ci& srit de . inp.rtarti exceplioDaLn pentrudcsoltlea nai de.p te a mclotcl dixleiie nslrisie Dl scrte: ,,tnqde?l /r"l"e s{i st/ntu srft rtneo btd'nla .arc d Fdsiuhedeq)taziih, .i ktea tte.eni

n pA ea rti .st. nlatt ttitd ru n tuoikttiti i|stcltatii nnd:artituhild nici attattdfi.ne s.ciatc 0t bazei sor sr?rosbrttii. Eoestc oLti|dtane p*tn sociut.td inl,ilrtita in ctaec drertuE Dat tue*e na bc ablt!$tarievattu s..ietaten u cte n eristat ctdse lh6nac'(I v Sir]nr, ,Idr.istutt ti ptubtmzte lh1tristiai,4. nsi. p 23 20)1).

tuele crditrsle can ar . n3rc inennnt.t.pd,tn iilel{erex nEti aietodei narxist.dlaleclftc

tnsilr.ilc fundlmcnlale alc net.dei maBisrdi.hctie suDilaqil.h.t! i si s.cie61ii ii Ennt valrlile peitm torld leMncn re.alxril 9idocietilli. D.f cal dc !a rti rsle mrrii.slars a.est leqiin dilc'ile]e

. cat de v iatn este n xni ie starea &estotlcgi in vie.l's.ci.El lrin n.nrrc, h crrne eii slin a rcrcr nsniresidft

i lirici a a.cator lcsir nu po_ti rcducc, dc rildi, toai.turdcle lcgii r..'

i.!clr. rcchc ca1i1.1. h lnr Dou{ s}solut nr bak F?!}ile. nmailrtnnr .,eqtaziei'. Aexsti [emailprotected] $ lrodua surr fomi dcerlozie,rtrtr.I cnniL se trcc dclr. fomslie sdcirE snlagonisln brfta. Rdo

Lir scl3vilor, de pildi, 3licl]idrl prinito expl.zic rcchcasocictate scl..r ii. cu aiuion unci cxplozil rcvoh$t nurgb.ziei 3d.hodt feudt

evolllii, a a@srei qplozit esre tvohti.'' trczi din 1?39 1794,Rev.lulb proleL.intdul doboad lubrea opi

r' lilor ri nagidilor. lornr clasicn r acestei rcvriutii esterhE. ReL! rLLric sDclaftti din octonbric. In societ'Lc edsln imn oseri. dc @r

.

jn dmsebi intio orantuiJe undc nn nri distn daso ahsonisi.,a la6' 8:ti't"le nu I d *

r zij. ci intr'o slit fornn. Sn lunn, dc pildi, prcceslltrmsio.niirii 30hrii. 3 asriculiuii, proesul tr.erii nasse,.ovnrtitoare a tiranllo!I Ir R. S. S. pe fistul sospodtiici colcdneDnpi tm sc stlc, arulrlrt a fost in U.R s S

^tulihoni c.titu| Ct ffiare a lnlEsri Fliticc

f'.neigniraF 3 Patidrlui B.lgevic ii r strvernxlri sDvietic. ri..epntI rrmea 3ccr inhsre. in n'ssi. d. buiivile a liranilo. inc'lhoa'.i,.i I nrcep sn inbe i' oDlhotui srta, fioans { rlisbichr'niFgi. Pe haz'tr$tci adevirale ntrciri de ndsi, ore clFinsesensjcribier c.varti,i,r r ti[nilcr, Pnrerei Sorietici a trectri del.|,lilkr ci rnt.dixrn.

,L,i i,,glidire a chiaburinii, l" o poli cn n.!i, h p.lilica delichidals i,,Anf.t ra tuari:at a

t qrknnrte t@atuttla\ di tft.ere naidddrct- sc c tovarirnlSlalirn sdtt d.Io tthe\ :+ate caktdtitd d soci?ktlii ta o aoudstate .oLitn

it ti .at 6h6 d, l,rn th|nfile d4 N Reulqi' din octonbAe1911.ct,t.t.n1t spe.ilk nt c..stet renttlii c.nstd in latd en .d dlot

!i,,ii:!il,i d. sus, dtn tiltarnid ?ttsni di sroi .! rltji' ldircl de jos al, n{tt de itkrne de tira^i care turndt inpottindrobiei citidb rtti,tt xt t L o idlit til,.fi dhohici' ( C rrsulscttt de ist.ric o Pdrtrlnlli Co.I lis! (bal.\ari.) .l aiftaiisrrt'ii.a, ed. rdsn, !. 291 292) 1).

rain calactetul tnuj p.in sprcilicul nanir.stiiiir I .. sruacest s.lt. se dcosobe5le ndicrr dc salludl., ce x{oluliilccare

ntrmrlio soci.h anirq.nisii I alta ,{ici n':,elDr':iu" Ir.lulchdlcnt r d Prlidrlni B!rf.!ic.

, L itiva l,,tdrr de sbi, sprijinul rccstor niori de cltr'.ndselc lirtI uii, in corditiilc {iicttllrii gio, rcs 3 n:iretcisarclni a t$@rji nssslor de nudc niliornc rle lnrn,i,,ii Dc ris.idsocirlismdni. T* r5i nr este ndoic, itc pilda, de nicto

,,34ro'?. t3 ft@e dclx socirlim la mnuniom in u. n. s. s.Tro@rre. beptati deh sociarisn b ccDun:sn 3e sivn6.+t. firierlt.ziii .3esle o l]e.s,t dela sbdiul inlerior la stadiul 3qirioral uneiari elchgioranduiri s.cialc. aceasrn hlcere se i'J4iu6r slbconduceEr nrrclujparlid onnnisi, 3 cirtrjp.riiicn Ler vi.Jiiorlrdui i soriethc

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arcelrtjinur ccp]jn al intr.sulni polor. un rol hottrito! id!..rsli ireceFn .r sialul Sccialist, d{ D el sie rolF carsj l]esar, inrlegurutar "L.ipLorulri,."' iu : d^td,-a, r.r,.r"irDdsa.

' I.p.i.F.

uer e! hgllaln deLa srciarisn ]a cohu-nih: Iiseenni desvoltarrrai delarre r b.z.i !.hnico I ccm!trcnu*tut,dcsvollirea fnrn *rqii atd!.td nrrcrialc dc producli. :lc soci.iit i.Gislnri.clcccn$rucliirienr pustjuril.r, srhdiras.lc lucrili dc inpidurir ca:lrar:siorni

urj.rn r constuclici iidusbiei srele 9i ciitotde otrun'ralic,desvolt.p! oxhrardinrrn llin lrop:4ijle sale ri prrr

eo.*nii n3il.mb a u. ;r. s. s l,.ti .ccaslnmismD inanrt scimretuo$n. ftvolulionarn. t re sri,rt|e rs ,ra?Jdi,d@ nu t'1t;in,bd ra.t4ionar, dat ldrd erpt ti.T,tc.'.r tlcprrti deh sociriisnla c.nunisn n$canjli licht&re3btdn a coDtrdisliei dinhe nucafizici.rt 9i sati ltcrrrdarea cf,nptetri a dsscbirii dj,t&chsele eare nai existtrstizi in u. R s. s., a ces.hhii dinrF closrnun.i,-a& ti lirnninc, in.

conl st at rep4r4iej: dela lrccare dnli caFct-later sr.liocirtrhdqn n.voileinportant in dcsv.]1$?a s.ci.i:]'' ii, o tr@*e la o nouidare .3tii'tivda s.cleiitii ii d*voi1rr.a fohalici mNnistc, crreinc.pe cu rinul s5n

vtus*t. cu at d.it* stadiu ar siu , cd,Ii o expldici delvollsrerrrptrtn r no

durui de prodnciio s.cirrist r. drce FForrele din u n. s. s kcohunhn Mai *e hcv.ie oue si din ere'n!]. pcniru r srib ci in

so.irrsnnrui cctr c.nsrruft si .i alsolut clar ti se vnd de pcimn nultbisitu rle conDisnului?

Tovar:lqtrl Sidin r r&d. de ,sehcrcaj cn na*imnl nnrecu!.attdqTl.zjl subte Drci in c.sv.xxrtlti, si zicm. arn.r limhlcristmte sau cEarer suliri ! lnei linbi noi.o .ct_er dc ice drs:rreicih si dcs .rtaEr rin ilf se ani ii t lati con.tra'liciie orlc.!ii!l lsbric. O asttl de idee dcspr. islori, timbilor aDutli sirlxri nundi c. rczullal al vul{a zilrii rchd.i diahcri? si nu

ristn. Din toaie a.esGa reznrti ct lcqir.

dL lrliq.i nn cbuc privitc jn nod d.gmtiq cn iretuc sn stuniezjprln, liesiruj lJro@s, i sn ttit sn fobse9u

i .:.rnn 'nportnln p.ntru des{itfea nairilr si tcbtru rplkrrerei ln s.i t c&.tT ir tcate domc irc tcoriejsi nlI tc problenclehinslorDirr traclicc a iumii, Iorie a:e*er s nl de o

nrxit cni din rortD tirire.

o larliculxritate inp.rh(Li r stiinlei mar:lstc, parti.orarit.te6reIl dii . f.4i d. ncrrirdt .st. rrprd cn d e.t. durmxnulncinpncai adnir i d.gmlusm, al .ricnrei si3gtriri, at oricirtricoc!.iiriisd sierp.Itfii.r re'olulio. t fRunderzn, idbositorte siccsvord neincetar

nu ezltn si nrr.cuirsci rormur:,ndilii cxE rrd cit3r. r3!i d4 eeiiirtr. u. 1rtrn3r.o. Io1"i.

Dupe no'ftea hi Mar si lnseh, tdin ri st^tin ri discjDolil1or&i nrr apropiati iu ro3. siq+rii nnrr$ri .lre !u dcsvou.rn'i dcprrtcir '!id c.catr nlaisnul ri.u apuc.r c.netuiile $ raelelo.la noitekrin a rrdi.at naryishur pc o treilti nofi,q!.e lst.rj.eep.E imperillituultri ti a rev.tutiil.r lmretare. IiniDI inL.gnriin3r:snnt or noi c

rfrlira noilor conditii ?te lllrci ilc ct*i 3 proreterialuluipc'tru .libeIlnh si st3lin au sulljniar t.tdealnr ci marjsnd n! *teo doFi.

r . c:Fnr:r tn mlnnrc. ,i cn dc,l snatisr ]-an b si st.lin rnarihl t,ldeaunr ci n:rxis nl sdcvnrri.

.dcf xrur.r. re,.ru(ion!r,h c.iscaul al \,'I.ka 3l p. tr. s. D.(Iolselic) dln Rusjr, t, 3 an_

rl n i91?, i' .junul rlarii Ravoh4ii scc rlisb dh o.r.nbrie, r.v. strlj!I rpus: ,jrfr e$e e'.r6 .d i,d)4i R'sia sd fi. t.tfa c.tesn n rchad d11trtrn s:,z s..iansn... Trcbue sn ne dcbat^d.te,Lea,elindd cd nunni

t,r.a,i..iun n.-.t..tt).d.r nu hd stuez pe r)tattand ndftisnttticeatot. tr. v. sraiLtn,,r., vol.3,.d. tusi, p. 136-137)

').de .ni. rn nusir a inviru rr,rer Re

! '

Lrlie s(ciarjstt din ociohbrlc

mul 9i Fr, nerse cn cccs inaiire 5!h connnisn. Tocmsi Rus:a Gr.Jd u-:, s,'.,.,,"d,i !| urumrt

muncii dir cel.hfte !nri. rrevjzinier tui r. v. si'tln s.rrdc,erii |]e dcplin.Nu r)oli re.iti aeum {estc randuri lirn unsenlinor! dc darci Eno

._ sh,. ! ,o,_.! de .cb:runr n'.rism leninisndui. chiar ii ihistoria iarxfn,hnirhmutni. .3r?dLe bosatn ir predzjuni gtiiijilj@ac.*tn prcviziune stllinisla! care seba:e.zn pe rnaliza .rariore tiprolnida I silurtici si rap.riutui de lortelin+d [emailprotected] cstc nMdintre cele nai inporrahre.

LnFllnd inlottra deiatnririi dogmaiice, prin citale, !nsBkndulda cnE duth,nil paitidnrui Botsevic ai ri plparului, mretnerc3u s! *sprijile !e vehq romuln I lui Ehgek cu Drivire taitrFsibirirrt.a yictodei rocirlis ulnl inh o singnri Frn, tomuu cfese refcrc. h epoc'c.pitalisndni prem.norolist ii calc m n.i ch jus[nr eFc' inperi]rhnurtri r. v. srsrin

^ sctis:

,,De silut ca, ddca E"Ieb 6 li tost ,nueaid, ru lF li tonpa*t aeta.h4 t'.mrfi, ci, nihpaln&, ot ti sd-hdar lild re:.fte ft1dqiaaa6+1n, spunnrd: .r,a d et er tode t,)r,rttctc techi, rtnidscdrd.h4ia dctaiaosd din u.R.ssf, (r. st,lin.O?aq lal. 3, ed. rusn, I303) 1).

"delifui dntor al t{dei miBlstc. ostilibtea ej raii ce oricesr.gnaE,tuti de .rico docb in!ftn si dognrtjsn.I" lufiirile sarc cnrriviid la lnrevistici, tomr*rt Sixtin d sulli

nixt din nou cf.ct.tur clnbrtif srextor .t tcoriei nrxisie:!]rorjsnlrsrin/d,

-- sc c .l tu p.:ale rtl ?. Lc, a, re drsrun' rj 'ar.r,l.4ia".Ed. I^ desrate.n rrit, ntrnr , N|tc sn ru ! i,nbi.

ftovn c ettdrtdhand, eu naitz dn^rlin.t, t"in u ndre netl.t,tlte ri..".h.ii ole t)ti nu pat sd^ se schinle tu,t?rtjhu ?ttsdnlic intoatire de la alte $ n^ctu.ii nli. e.r.spunznkrnft naittsddni ktaie?. tl3flislnllt ndnile larhut ,i.ancluzii irntobtt.,ot'ti.ldtDtii Fenhl taate eDo.itc ai pd.atxte |1at!isr\t astc darnsaticdtui d.a ta.tn,i' (L v. sulin, nlamtsu, ri pr.bk,n.r,ri,4rii/i.it, od.rui p.43),).

C! ierpusi viscarc tomrtunl Stalin a srnht dnr notr cum ailesvoltsrLcnin in mod o.rt Darrisnul in ep.ca inpcriaiknuhi 3i iEvclu-

nnscnt.r et a ridicutizrt F. ratnudjs$si buchoii crre N pihandescnia !..blcmei. ci tot.s4c duerjtc .jr.tsiieze rtun d lns s*dd decodiJiilc istorice.

Luotuilc luj L v. staliD.oml exendu vju d.n , xisn creai.r, u(nodcl dc ddvolt're reaD I acestni.

l'ov&rnril Ineheind zeastn conmi.are , ne. h 9edintaA.t'tenreirtr

'rrli.ii P.purarc Romene, 4diteli ni st slu*t, e ndbruritursnoLiv sr

^cadcnjei dc ltjinle a U. R S S., Acrdcnia d Yobtri ti sn vn

utz nul! Nees si r,nncnNdnici. Legirura lrietcnerscn c.rc a'astator'ii.it lntrc svaniii svietici ei savtntli mmdri, inne acrcdi.de 9tiinten rl. R. s. s. Fj A.t,tedi. R. P, R, mNiitle chezttielnor noi 9i natDrli su@se, aut in rcliritrtea Acadeniei noaslre,cAt ti h &livitzter,\c.demiei Repuhlicii Porintard Rodine.

victoda tuputati de popor ,8upB oprcso lor sii, instlnrarP,noiiodin socble, deschide rtiinjci prsFeliee imense, c'levnco'dilii Eiru-rric Fniru actlvii"le sav.(ilor $ pune rn fatl rornrl strcini de stal!tr adcvtrat Fopulare. ItenJia 9i itrasosrcacrldi cu 3.re attt snvcmul.:t 3i massclc larsi alc loportrluiinconjura !. n i jn U. lt. S. S. pc sr'r h!i, constitu. Dcnh!aceiij' o fo4n lolilizatcrrc rl in$llelit$e atnttu ,lresti nrcAt eiisi ons.qn toate cunottintele, bare puterile 9i $trr(11\i1e cauzeistiil4ci, cauzei poporulul. Euanduie pe sin3lE ns.trdi'!triinlirlli j,stn, nr{oda dialeiici mxistn, pe slislracri@p-lr,i

.iusli dcspre lune. &n&plia desprc l!n. a n.terialhmduidia.lectl.,'rsniii nslrj oblin,lu,ltrte Ft il"cite in toatcionhiile an BterittrxpEsic r nirelurli atnt de inali ei 3 forteiiliinte"u:(!e Acrdcnicirnu,lui dc onorre al ,{cltldici de Sliinlc au. R- s. s.,rari3lului *vmt si naftlui .ond diinr 3l popordtisovicti. 9l indnnt-rr al othcniror nuicil

'lin lmca h1'$gn I v. STALINI

LUCII,{NIT"E TOVANT\$UI,UI STALIN ASUPRALINGVISTICDI 5IPROBLNIIDI,]J $TIINTNLOR SOCIAL]]

DIN TlRrL NOASTn.\MTUNICAIB IIIZOMATA

PMI. (hN. L iiJUTU

Luclnnb rui rosr astrpli ltnsvtsticcj puipr.bkhe nirr N nmri inl,!! tibgvrtlllor dar 9r tn iala oane. ordc $ijnF din tdte s4ta&le a.tivftalit liiintirico. rn dmsebt noi, kic nuncin pearamur rliintelor sciale, avcn de rras log,1 ,i mdnie

lucrnri ate lovarasurui sirun, care !u ridica!l* o rreaptnslperto,ri sandire, filosolicn nanjsi.tednistd.

N.i triin in epoca bansfornirii .evoruriDnsr:, midirie. asrctetiiii in lfr noash.n. Trnin ttrido epocn de disrrug.re r bueikcrn,crpilrlisto,no9ier9rl, Si r tuprdc fiurie e

'net b3ze noi, socirliste tt a noii sprrstrucldi, corcspnn2i

De a3i decurge penttu no1, grElnr *udieil aprofundsle '

Doditt.c.nir.r inteneillc in ,drnddrea etunhi.n a so.iatdlii tinatapa ddtdtr d.r,.x.in:i el.

-

asr cun detlnc!1c rournint sirtin bdz. societitiiNu nrr putininp.rt3nri, 9r ru nai putin vlsti

nosrrt, jurisfli 9lrhlislii in tm.k liteniur{i 9i rnci au iilltr lor !. cdnp de 3c!i'jei.rnirsinit. o iieplrzabiln bogniie desubrecrc ,i proltcne. .c sc iglcaptn

si imbosi|rcr de enh t larirnr Staltu s nrvi

Fiurii Drrxislr.iinria rsupia bzei 9i swbsrnrtu r. h.cbn. stsa,\B!di spccirlj+nor i.rrri in ;riiile sciare dftr i ni pulaniesrinddrth divilrle. 10r stinrrificn,Fircilc. rrunci ce)d vortrn derrd,if,a nlrtipleLr lrobtene

lcsrrc dc rupia penbu baz ri a vechii lupr5strucrnri,NDrrutiulift! Dci brz 9i a nnei suprasrncturl not. socialhL, lut,!l.nconccpe rQst slldin d o rea Fi ncpisitorts ldiyirttc de crb!rt.In.t ih te io.da de nate& a tnvitnluii rnislc. Itarl ffar*,irilrt ii er3bDrc $te ,Tez asuFrs lni FeDdbactri ci ,,titasofiin,nt

'tvo. i1 , nlr.i.r. d o scrrtrdi. Mlsiun* orului de tlijnln nnesi. nlful de a 3rd{r.ur h.zi tt nom snlrmtruduraj ci dc .lrftlcipa h nod ..riv !iiradnd et, contribuind lr .cmlvrealroblcnctor polilie st econ ni,.r!6'rre de Feli:xda de r.ansiti.d.lr cspilalisn t. scjalisn. la el*or'&. noildr nomc liridrG,ta totuarer si tntirifta noitor insritut|,Lr inchcsaEs noilorconccplii norale, ta trduco$ in liealr 3 troil.!

$ninlclc sociale tuc p.rte inresrarti dtn srrBsrtuchrasocieiilrirte. .ei c0 numesc pe rirdrnur lliinFror

sciale trebnc si * celiue$ci de invitftuB tui Sbljn rsllrarotuhirciiv rl supFstn,clurii.

,,Ban rxtAoi de dc.eo iri xrBed2n surnenrt.tutd s., rentn'cd siilie ntjnn d. sup6be.lutd, Fqtn.d sd tie aiLtatd d.1it

.., .d."iatn t.rit, i. t.a.aeqh4tt ctlttii sd lie richi.tdent).

slii(tr sdir]n mrni{.khiiisti csre ui dusnriobicctlvismuruiLurghez, .are inFrDnn cr ideansnnl ftlciion,r it cosnolrlftisn,n.este si rimdnc !c .olur ideol'gic flincip.r tu doncntltrctiviuliiililntlfi@ iar, losrri,

.,.. r erlicrn' $.ie lovfisuttr4 rd lt4cd .Ie pe peitia dealdtdt. t.tird d b@i $t , p.po.it a u L t at t, Ji?i' t tit"tfr .road d"

"

t r p p.1, i t . 44 dituli"3etodn, 4otdr..t qkd "t.oin tteze det nai ti surnrt l rctntt a.cn htF aclivftdea rr.dcn pc de o p.rtcri

so.irliolrui, pe dc llii prrlei tFbua si diste .l.giluri rcatIndisohrrili, N! incale indoirrn si .ceasrt lesitn.i, uti]t 9i

ftccsrrn pir'u scesul actiritdtji pracrice. %rilcrn.iirom *!pr!aciiviErir teo&li@, o varo nuin. eu citerjll ccl nai sisur rtjusleJei

rv4 rorod26 0 inrlurtrcresunda 11 ihb.sill, .

rtr lie.!! idolosici a Fni nosrN e dc nrturn si slinnle/i ii sni&Dal:ez o iorcnst aclivitrre !cililiDnl liiiitelor slciale. Mnrfer,tirduere romancascii, !c brzs Ho6driiRo^i. x oo"ncarc ?u $nnlprhete 3 volume, prech ,i a nuftc.oase ruo.nrl de luiv L I?ni( tit. v sialin nr ed+ii e!ar.le. In at d

r- f rPr!r bihs..iL 6nd(,b;hr Pun-u n.(hi \{ :'otss' Ro

' ' '. . Lul rl d.c'ri h Rod n

'a i d"or,.turt,.. r,pv J rr.{:n Ir I

' nr, i d. 3J ]l1 :a 9rr. ry,r.rruuurii ri inrn rii alianleiinne crasr nu.ciioaE sl lnrnnine, nnD.!i.(c, cuveriirne 9i s.rl.rnec.ndtr.irorit r'

obLT.L datu d. d4da'r poDUir;. !u rrt.t!" ,r ^,o oDtr n.i

FU, I "w it.. sh:, cr.i. sDtc.F tu d!si.

'r- insxs'1.^ 1-r. o.1.. n -,1'.\igr$r ri $r*3m ror isur slatin.rn ]Icrtrila conduclloriror parridu.' ' j - r cum"n "t" d" in b"r.tr..inli r"cenr' flr, ,ua3 ts d" - ,1. i

sliirtiric la nrtrebirile lnnd.hcntate 3te rvotult.t noast&mialjst.:.E d^ d4' c , i" !^prtr., ,r roni I dT

.i. .r.b. .ri 3 co..au.LI'fsme r..1rc nh FU1rii dc sft cin detichidotu I .rpftslthutrt ta lfi j .N.p d .a .taln obligarorreEtrrnt peri.aib de h..nsi1ie d.ta capiblisn 1ls.brismj edilicrEaconohtet dsniftclic. forur pdtdutd s fo4d o..du.ntrare in srahnmsin si nnmemse dhL

{.rnd h r'--d lndFp r'n a. n,rri"' to" st:r'tTa. r,tos.,..o

"i su b .

' un"t" $.Fe Lrn m"rir d"reb

a, .i *4$n priviitn purJlimtiitc p$jodjo ca ,r?).d rr. ,raJ4sfudi,,

@tcrialjsm dirlccljc rt rstoric, ce s lEdru io trtive.siiiti $insriiuie rleo sdivitric sri b.srti t! ilesrisart isroricti tifholcsii no9hr-

Ntr ni v.iu dp,i a pra ei, tnha car ca v! ri lnsltrtn i', allcconuniciinDF cu totie ci cxistn atunite {r&nn pozitiv. lnitoncnirl qiii!

lolor g,cirle, n.i N De p!1cn declxrt nki !e dcFrte satlsricutidc cea 4rn infipiult pant actrE.

NenuniBle probl.he teo.eticc bir la !9t no$tri. Ttc.ce. hsliz.lei plrnnlul cincn,d ti a plrrului de clcdrith$e a liril,FrcBDlde hanslornrP sodllisti

' sgriontuiri lirliri.cr 9i dcavolisrea slaluhl

de dc;ocralie popului, rev.hlia cnltnr.6 c're se dcsfitri 'n

Fnn rstl.

-

toate testca ne ptrn l" ficcu. zl, in liccare .eas problen!o1.de o acftn rdlditrte. rrcle Sirltn de in hc.nrile sale t lraltng'vtsticcr o genialll ddin4ie r stitntci nrryisie, ea nllompletn di!ctte onorie riterahra nrrxisri: ,Mrritnat aste $intldte.i).r de det'oortar. o ,aiurji ri s'.i.rilii, tttintu ftNt{tiairaassetat $rrnte , enpbdtnt., ttiinla {i.ta.iei snciatisndui inradte FtiL, etintd c.t*nitiso.ieriiti .muisir"). Noi nu lutm iviaccastn dcrihitie num.l do derhitie I'eitn nol. ct este lotodttn !,Frosnn 3ioicqrinznto! ileaciiLiirie rc lirinnl sliintctorsccirle

slnlsn dit.ri si conl r ln h o sprarun&in cunoaiteE .lcstlo.nrturji si sci.ti-til dc ditD ziaitorlt socirlkftululoancnii nuncitrumal. si int.lcctu.le din !'r ncadri. suntcn dltotisi lr.en lafg cdnoscnt adc'nrtrrjrc rliintel .3tc a soroalhrtula9'eror-" : t --i , uft! -vo lod' r orol{3r" h'! "' :nih;h^i"" r-*"."*" ". "inlr'o pcriodi cind Uniun.3 Sovietici s tte.ul Iaconslnttc' 1*zct sd-berioarc r contriisnntui, cilnit nftlc poDorcrrincz t smtuar jugd h'i."i"li"-,1";,

"a"a lirilc de denocrallc l.pul.rr constdesc cu tu'@r

;c[nsnur. cand luttl lnpotrlla lnpc'i'lkdulul I luat un 'vnliriD-cd^.rl ri i".r"rr'!s+.i-! r'ie d"Fnder_c .i co or:,1' . . d_. ra

o"." "^i :" ' -- ..- t"i'. " lu,l

_ 1 : u. vlgarN n^-r or3' ! rr rlF .'. r'-d i orr tu- l, o_d'n'4d' z' lkn'd'l r 'u$lu' 'dp"ntllsi 9lvrctorir socialismrlut liescxrd nondl.E.

suiie' dx1.rl. in tctiv 13 sildlcEa si"p'o_fUlitrreanrrYhml.ljnIsmuld.rltiiu,l'o.on',rli'i

c.slei stiinie !3 condtiilc lirii nosbe Itsiu'lieiea lcsil.rdeetlterii Grii n.NlE spr eci'lisn in mndjliilc bsl_

o(( j de dchocBJie populari, ln conditiire exisicnlel Tn.iisacitlhdllullrmi pernit si obscw, in prsniezit. ct rinnci .erilvorbesc dc legi

rr.svoriar 2 llrii iorstr spre s.cillism, nn Elrt r t sti.Ceset:nnssklteit n, po .fc. dtn pnBb, lilolosii no9lr' inct .or.trurjut.1 sn b baduccn rn romancrtc).

Ircbre sn .iutin in nod diftct, prin &tivit ter noahirtlinlific4iloare, jn opera de intirire a sllrul'i d.

r&1r.r4ie populari ti de ediricrrc a hxzel cconomt@ rsocirlismulul, '

,1,.rei do &stizare . Flanului clncinal 5i de traDslomaresociallsii r

TEbuc st abordin u itrdrn c.ln tttlnlrtci (caE m e t l maordinJn) lrohleDe ca: ehihbi)tl? iiteNcnile in rlpodurilc ile dasnl,Lr! norstri, in dfrsebl Ii Jrdi lorlcle nobik alc dcsloltniiisocietilltl' c.ndiliile resisnluj de dcdo.ulie riopnrari; rotuclejlridi@ ti o!, itutronald in statul de denocratie populiiir fi4iuiile strtulnl ti .oluir u in sonstEirar ecialisnnlui (indsselj, in rEnsrorfrrrer s.cialistlt r,fronleili *on.nir phnjrica6io cotdili:le reginului dc dcn drJi.trjrularni lj'biolhnulsocialist tl lmbinar4 tui amoniorsn o i.t4-trxlionarhnrt pmlebrjpmld htuhi in trm no:stfil: rczohire. Frorlenei mtionrlc si hptapcntn lhhidr&3 ddinitivn

rl hslionrlknnlui hurghcz; ioile con..p,tl,ii.e ("tiiudiiea raFdc nuncn, r'tn da bunll ohst*c, r4i dc raneje eitrniliejr sistcnulfhanct$ el honetr. iD condtiilc demoo4ici lopu'e -rrbu nlorqtls,t,tt r dApropbtr mlvssrs r 30 dc ani delr tiriiiFr* P.rliduluiCoDn

risl dl. Rcmdnls, l&bue sn Frilejuiasdt snalizaEattilrlilic6. intesei'ut1,r tuvititurr hr*isileninistn, ! cvDluliclsociale a lirli nostE :,trcsti 30 de rni sl odali cu t@rstr,lnrilisrrd .olului cl$ei nuncitorErrolullomra 9i a Pdtidnlut ei inIslorla conicnpor!(n a Prrriei ncast6.

Trebue si valDriricdn lelioasa noitetrlle lixrti noui degendltodlrn,Fresltti 3i l&cutuld. cun su rost: cantcnir,Bilesctr. Brber 9l .4n.llcbue st lonbaten ftri crutie itr lucrnribno.stF contr.b"nda ld6.1,,!jci inlerialistn $i .tmiri!el..oncepllilDr rildollce reac,ionre, c,nM arui circublie tn Ronnniicrriblisto'noliercisci.

Irsbli!.ire in jrhl geiirl.t r lucrirl alc 1o':rrSalui slalln.su!r.sriintei inridice, tmrici r/r.i si lilcrrtrrii.

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